Vol. 31 (6) 2010 Neuro endocrinology letters

Pineal ribbon synapses: regulated by the gland's central innervation.

OBJECTIVE: The pineal gland is part of the circadian clock system and is under the predominant influence of the endogenous oscillator located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus. A polysynaptic pathway involving hypothalamus, spinal cord and sympathetic system regulates the so far best-studied aspect of its neuroendocrine output, i.e., the s.....