Role of cytochromes P450 in metabolism of carcinogenic aristolochic acid I: evidence of their contribution to aristolochic acid I detoxication and activation in rat liver.
OBJECTIVE: The herbal drug aristolochic acid (AA) derived from Aristolochia species has been shown to be the cause of aristolochic acid nephropathy (AAN), Balkan endemic nephropathy (BEN) and their urothelial malignancies. One of the common features of AAN and BEN is that not all individuals exposed to AA suffer from nephropathy and tum.....