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Journal Article 2016; 37(Suppl 1): 84-94 PubMed PMID: 28263535 Citation  Keywords:  Animals, Benzo(a)pyrene:pharmacology, Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System:metabolism, Endocrine Disruptors:pharmacology, Estradiol:pharmacology, Estrogens:pharmacology, Ethinyl Estradiol:pharmacology, Male, Microsomes, Liver:metabolism, Rats, Rats, Wistar,.   

OBJECTIVES: The term "endocrine disruptor" (ED) is used for compounds that mimic or antagonize the effects of endogenous hormones. Synthetic estrogen 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) and a human carcinogen benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) are assigned as exogenous endocrine disruptors and an estrogenic hormone estradiol is a natural endogenous disruptor. Here, the potency of these three disruptors administered to rats individually and in combination to induce expression of cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes involved in their own metabolism (CYP1A1, 2C and 3A) in vivo was investigated.

METHODS: Changes in CYP protein expression after exposure of rats to BaP, EE2 or estradiol were analyzed by Western blotting. Using the HPLC method, CYP1A1, 2C and 3A specific activities in hepatic microsomes isolated from exposed rats were analyzed.

RESULTS: Whereas exposure to BaP induces expression of CYP1A1 protein and its marker activity (Sudan I oxidation) in liver, kidney and lung of rats, no significant induction of this CYP and its enzyme activity was produced by EE2 and estradiol. Treatment of BaP in combination with EE2 and/or estradiol decreased the BaP-mediated CYP1A1 induction in liver of exposed rats. BaP also induces CYP2C11 protein in rat liver and kidney, but does not increase its enzyme activity measured as testosterone 16α-hydroxylation. The enzyme activity of another enzyme of the 2C subfamily, CYP2C6, diclofenac 4'-hydroxylation, is even decreased by BaP. The CYP2C11 protein expression and/or its activity are also increased in liver of rats treated with EE2 and estradiol, but its expression is significantly decreased in lung. The CYP2C6 activity is also elevated by treatment of rats with EE2 and estradiol administered individually as well as in their combination. Whereas only a slight increase in CYP3A protein expression was found by BaP in rat liver, its enzyme activity, testosterone 6β-hydroxyalation, increased significantly in this organ. In contrast, no effect or even a decrease in CYP3A expression and its enzyme activity was produced by EE2 and estradiol in rats exposed to these compounds....

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Journal Article 2016; 37(Suppl 1): 13-16 PubMed PMID: 28263525 Citation  Keywords:  Adult, Air Pollutants:adverse effects, Humans, Male, Metal Nanoparticles:adverse effects, Middle Aged, Occupational Diseases:blood, Occupational Exposure:adverse effects, Oxidative Stress, Pilot Projects, Titanium:adverse effects,.   

OBJECTIVES: Experimental studies using nanoscale TiO2 have documented lung injury, inflammation, oxidative stress, and genotoxicity. Human health data are extremely scarce.

METHODS: In exhaled breath condensate (EBC) and urine of 22 office employees occupationally exposed to TiO2 during their visit in the production workshops for average 14±9 min/day a panel of biomarkers of nucleic acids and proteins oxidation was studied, specifically 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), 8-hydroxyguanosine (8-OHG), 5-hydroxymethyl uracil (5-OHMeU), o-tyrosine (o-Tyr), 3-chlorotyrosine (3-ClTyr), and 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NOTyr). Examination was performed also in 14 comparable controls.

RESULTS: The median respirable TiO2 mass concentration in the workshops was 0.40 mg/m3, median number concentration was 2.32×104 particles/cm3 with 80% of the particles being
CONCLUSION: This pilot study suggests that even short nanoTiO2 exposure may lead to pulmonary oxidative stress; however this effect may be short-term and reversible. The clinical significance of these findings is unclear and more studies are needed.

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Case Reports 2016; 37(Suppl 1): 9-12 PubMed PMID: 28263524 Citation  Keywords:  Adult, Asphyxia:complications, Brain Diseases:etiology, Female, Fetal Diseases, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Premature, Pregnancy, Sympathetic Nervous System,.   

: The aim of the study was to analyse case report of prenatally unknown asphyxia of the foetus (a preterm newborn from the second pregnancy delivered by urgent caesarean section in 31st gestational week; birth weight 850 grams, birth length 41 cm, value of Apgar score 7/8) with signs of respiratory insufficiency immediately after birth with hypotonicity. The authors present the case of postnatal at the 1st day of life assessed cystic malformation in the brain of premature newborn. They emphasize the importance of detailed prenatal investigation as most important in preventing prenatal asphyxia and consequent complications. Central nervous system and especially white matter of the brain of the newborn is most vulnerable area of the brain. Together with oxidative stress after exceeding of antioxidant capacity belong among main factors that play an important role in the pathogenesis of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy.

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Journal Article 2016; 37(suppl 2): 52-57 PubMed PMID: 28233961 Citation  Keywords:  Adult, Air Pollutants:adverse effects, Air Pollution:adverse effects, Benzo(a)pyrene:adverse effects, Chromosome Aberrations:chemically induced, Czech Republic, Female, Fetal Growth Retardation:chemically induced, Humans, Infant, Low Birth Weight, Infant,.   

: Air pollution with increased concentrations of carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (c-PAHs, represented by benzo[a]pyrene, B[a]P) affect fetal development, reduce birth weights (LBW) of newborns, and increases intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR). The Southern Bohemia Region is believed to be one of the least air polluted regions in the Czech Republic. Monitoring air pollution in the city of České Budějovice from 2011-2015, PM2.5 (particulate matter <2.5 µm) decreased from 20.3 ± 14.5 µg/m3 to 14.3 ± 8.6 µg/m3, but concentrations of B[a]P did not change between the years 2007-2015: 1.5 ± 0.6 ng/m3 vs. 1.4 ± 1.4 ng/m3. Higher B[a]P concentrations the winter induce genetic damage in newborns, increase frequency of micronuclei (chromosomal aberrations), deregulate genes for immunity in umbilical cord blood, and increase incidence of IUGR and LBW in newborns....

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Journal Article 2016; 37(suppl 2): 11-17 PubMed PMID: 28233960 Citation  Keywords:  Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Czech Republic, Female, Health Literacy:statistics & numerical data, Humans, Information Seeking Behavior, Male, Qualitative Research,.   

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to map the selected indicators of health literacy in the senior population via a qualitative survey that focused specifically on its relationship with autonomy in the context of health literacy among seniors.

METHODS: A qualitative survey focused on the selected indicators of health literacy of seniors living in the South Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic (R1-19). The snowball sampling method was intentionally selected. Completed interviews were transcribed and data was reduced, analyzed, and categorized. The identified categories were 1) information comprehension, 2) decision-making in healthcare, and 3) compliance with nonpharmacologic treatment.

RESULTS: The 'information comprehension' category clearly shows that the seniors involved in this study rated the comprehensibility of information provided by medical professionals as being good. An especially positive finding was that seniors do seek information through the internet, print sources, or other media, even though, as one senior (80-year-old woman) said, comprehension of medical information is becoming "more and more complex". The 'decision-making in healthcare' category touched upon opinions regarding informed consent and opinions regarding seniors' own involvement in healthcare. Results from this category suggest that seniors accept informed consent as a routine necessity. Inhibition regarding personal involvement in healthcare was also apparent: "... I come from a family accustomed to not bothering the doctor unnecessarily, so I just stick out my arm..." The last category of 'compliance with nonpharmacologic treatment' clearly shows that respondents are informed regarding lifestyle modifications that would benefit their treatment, although, few respondents had achieved the desired lifestyle changes.

CONCLUSION: Results of this qualitative research show clear health literacy limits among seniors. As shown in this study, age itself could also be a limiting factor of health literacy....

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Journal Article 2016; 37(suppl 2): 18-24 PubMed PMID: 28233958 Citation  Keywords:  Accidental Falls:statistics & numerical data, Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Czech Republic, Female, Hospitals:statistics & numerical data, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Retrospective Studies,.   

INTRODUCTION: Hospitals strive, over the long term, to reduce the incidence of falls of hospitalized patients. Falls are monitored, analyzed, and regularly evaluated and corrective and preventive actions are established based on the findings. To establish preventive actions, it is essential to determine the circumstances under which the patient fell and in what type of health care facility.

OBJECTIVES: The goal of the study consisted in retrospectively analyzing falls in selected hospitals of the South Bohemian Region in 2014 and 2015.

METHODS: Our retrospective analysis of 1101 patient falls was reported by the health care staff from 4 hospitals of the South Bohemian Region. The data from the reported incidents (i.e., falls) from individual hospitals were encoded and entered in a database using the SASD statistical program and subsequently subjected to statistical analysis.

RESULTS: The highest frequency of falls was found on internal wards, 565 (51.3%) with the second highest frequency found on subsequent care wards, 267 (24.3%). The study showed that the risk of falls increases with patient age; more than 60% the hospitals, in the monitored period, involved patients over 70 years of age. Falls occurred most frequently in patient rooms and in bathrooms. Statistically significant relationships were identified between the type of ward and the time of the fall, between the type of the ward and the location of the fall, between patient age and the time of the fall, between patient age and the location of the fall, between the time of fall and the location of fall, and between the location of fall and the patient mobility before the fall.

CONCLUSION: Intensive monitoring of patient falls and the circumstances under which the falls occurred are needed to fully understand the epidemiology of hospital falls....

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Journal Article 2016; 37(suppl 2): 25-31 PubMed PMID: 28233957 Citation  Keywords:  Adolescent, Adult, Czech Republic, Female, Health Literacy:statistics & numerical data, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Patient Acceptance of Health Care:statistics & numerical data, Patient Participation:statistics & numerical data, Qualitative Research, Youn.   

: In this study, the question of health literacy in adult patient population in the Czech Republic is explored in the context of healthcare, particularly in the South Bohemian Region. The study is based on the analysis of qualitative data which were collected during the first half of 2016. The study included 34 adult participants at the age range between 18 and 64 years. The study is focused on the involvement of adult patients in the process of decision making concerning the healthcare provided. The views of this sort of problems were recorded by the technique of semi-structured dialogues. The study results have suggested that adult individuals accept the healthcare provided by doctors or nurses prevailingly with trust. In addition, they have shown that in the sphere of health education, the adults lack the knowledge of the right for information about the individual's health condition and information about the service provided by the health insurance agency. It is regarded as desirable to deal with the topic of health literacy of adult population, particularly in the area of internet counselling and telemedicine, and to develop the space for information sharing between the doctor and nurse on one side and the patient on the other.

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Journal Article 2016; 37(7): 518-522 PubMed PMID: 28326746 Citation  Keywords:  Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Endometrial Neoplasms:complications, Female, Humans, Hysteroscopy:methods, Middle Aged, Polyps:diagnostic imaging, Uterine Hemorrhage:etiology, Uterine Neoplasms:diagnostic imaging,.   

OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to analyze the histopathology results of polyps removed and scrapings taken from the uterus in women, in whom ultrasound described endometrial polyp.

METHODS: The study included 412 patients whose ultrasound described endometrial polyp in the uterine cavity. The material obtained during hysteroscopy or curettage of the uterine cavity were subjected to the histological evaluation. The study group was divided into two subgroups depending on the presence of symptoms. The analysis of the relationship between variables was performed using Student's t-test and the Mann-Whitney U test.

RESULTS: In our study of 412 patients with suspected endometrial polyp based on ultrasound 342 patients had mild lesions in the uterine cavity, including a 51 of women had mild hyperplasia, 14 of women had endometrial hyperplasia with atypia or endometrial cancer. Subgroup of women who report abnormal bleeding accounted for 49.8% study group, asymptomatic patients was 50.2%.

CONCLUSIONS: This study showed no higher incidence of precancerous lesions and cancers of the endometrium in women with endometrial polyp described in ultrasound, who reported abnormal bleeding. Ultrasound-based diagnosis of endometrial polyps should therefore be verified both in women who report abnormal bleeding, as well as in asymptomatic women....

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