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Comparative Study 2011; 32(4): 530-539 PubMed PMID: 21876509 Citation  Keywords:  Adult, Aged, Antibodies:pharmacology, Biomarkers, Tumor:metabolism, Biopsy, Carcinoma in Situ:metabolism, Disease-Free Survival, Female, Humans, Lymphatic Vessels:immunology, Middle Aged, Neoplasm Invasiveness, Neoplasm Recurrence, Local:metabolism, Predi.   

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare the immunohistochemical expression of vascular endothelial growth factors VEGF-C and D, as well as the expression of VEGFR-3 in VIN and vulvar invasive cancer and to compare the density of lymphatic marker D2-40 antibody in both groups, and to compare them with different clinicopathologic features.

MATERIALS & METHODS: The study was performed using tissue material and clinical data from 100 women diagnosed with VIN and 100 women diagnosed with invasive vulvar cancer.

RESULTS: No significant differences were found in the expression of VEGF-C and -D or VEGFR-3 between those patients with VIN and those with invasive vulvar cancers. Weak expression of VEGF-C was confirmed only in two cases of the analyzed series; in all cases, expression of VEGF-D and VEGFR-3 was observed. The strongest expression of VEGF-D and VEGFR-3 was observed in the group of invasive cancers. The highest density of lymphatic vessels per 2 mm was observed in VIN. In the cancer group, small lymphatic vessels with a narrow oval lumen were observed. Moreover, in two cases of vulvar cancer, the presence of intratumoral lymphatic vessels was observed.

CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that lymphangiogenesis begins at the preinvasive stage of vulvar carcinogenesis and suggests the important role of VEGF-C, VEGF-D, VEGFR-3 and LV (D2-40) as prognostic factors in the process of carcinogenesis in the vulvar area....

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Journal Article 2008; 29(4): 443-446 PubMed PMID: 18766141 Citation  Keywords:  Adult, Aged, Antigens, CD34:analysis, Breast Neoplasms:blood supply, Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast:blood supply, Female, Humans, Immunohistochemistry, Lymph Nodes:metabolism, Lymphatic Metastasis:pathology, Middle Aged, Neoplasm Invasiveness, Neovascularizati.   

BACKGROUND: Angiogenesis is a basic process that enables neoplasms to thrive. Microvessel density (MVD) evaluation is an accepted parameter for assessing the angiogenesis process within a tumor. The aim of the present study has been to assess the number of microcapillaries in both invasive ductal breast cancer with the presence of metastases in regional lymph nodes and in invasive ductal breast cancer without such metastases.

METHODS: The CD34 antigen immunoreactivity level was assessed by immunohistochemistry in both types of invasive ductal breast cancer. Tissue samples were obtained from 40 patients and were divided into two groups according to whether or not there were lymph node metastases.

RESULTS: The patients with lymph node metastases exhibited statistically significantly higher numbers of stained microcapillaries than the patients who did not have lymph node metastases.

CONCLUSION: Thus the number of stained microcapillaries as evaluated by using the CD34 immunoreactivity level seems to be a useful predictor for the development of local lymph node metastases in female invasive ductal breast cancer....

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Journal Article 2018; 39(4): 305-309 PubMed PMID: 30531706 Citation  Keywords:  Humans, Immunohistochemistry, Intestinal Mucosa:pathology, Intestinal Neoplasms:metabolism, Intestine, Small:pathology, Neoplasm Grading, Neoplasm Invasiveness, Neuroendocrine Tumors:metabolism, Receptors, Somatostatin:metabolism,.   

OBJECTIVE: Somatostatin receptor (SSTR) expression constitutes a pivotal cornerstone for accurate radiological detection and medical treatment of small intestinal neuroendocrine tumors (SI-NETs), and the development of somatostatin analogues for these purposes have revolutionized the clinical work-up. Previous assessments of SSTR isoform expression in SI-NETs have found correlations to overall prognosis and treatment response, however these analyses usually report overall tumoral immunoreactivity, and little is reported regarding histo-regional differences in expressional patterns. METHODS: Thirty-seven primary SI-NETs (WHO grade I, n=32 and WHO grade II, n=5) were collected and assessed for SSTR2 immunohistochemistry. Samples were stratified with regards to histological level of bowel infiltration and spread (mucosal region, muscularis propria region, subserosal region) and each of these tumoral regions was separately scored by SSTR2 staining localization (membrane, cytoplasmic), overall staining intensity and local staining differences within each region. RESULTS: SSTR2 immunoreactivity was progressively weaker as the tumor cells advanced through the small intestinal layers. This was exemplified by a reduction in the amount of tumor samples with strong SSTR2 expression in the deeper histological levels of the section; 56% of tumors displayed strong SSTR2 expression in the mucosal region, as compared to 29% and 30% of tumors within muscularis propria and subserosal layers, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: This observation indicates a down-regulation of SSTR2 expression as the tumors progress through the intestinal wall, which might signify underlying biological processes of importance for SI-NET invasion behavior....

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