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Journal Article 2016; 37(Suppl 1): 53-59 PubMed PMID: 28263531 Citation  Keywords:  Animals, Antioxidants:metabolism, Astacoidea:metabolism, Biomarkers, Insecticides:toxicity, Oxidative Stress, Pyrethrins:toxicity, Toxicity Tests:methods,.   

OBJECTIVES: Pyrethroid insecticides are known to be highly toxic to non-target aquatic organisms. Toxic effects of different types of pyrethroids to fish has been well described but there is a dearth of data on their effects to aquatic crustaceans. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of a commercial product Cyperkill 25 EC (25% of cypermethrin as an active substance) on oxidative stress and antioxidants activity in marbled crayfish.

DESIGN: The juvenile crayfish were exposed to two concentrations of Cyperkill 25 EC: 0.02 µg.L-1 (10% 96hLC50) and 0.05 µg.L-1 (30% 96hLC50) for 72 hours. Activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione-S-transpherase (GST) and reduced glutathione (GSH), as well as levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were assessed in the whole-body homogenate.

RESULTS: Cyperkill 25 EC in both tested concentrations caused significant (p<0.01) decreased in levels of TBARS. Changes in the antioxidants activity were observed in every examined parameters except for the catalase. Cyperkill 25 EC in concentration 0.05 µg.L-1 caused significant increase (p<0.05) of SOD activity and significant decrease of GST (p<0.01) and GSH (p<0.05) activity. The activity of GR was significantly (p<0.01) decreased in both treated groups.

CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that Cyperkill 25 EC causes oxidative stress and also disruption of antioxidant systems in crayfish. Expanding to our previous knowledge, obtained results describe effects of cypermethrin also to non-target aquatic invertebrates and suggest a need of deeper understanding of mechanisms involved in this process.

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Journal Article 2014; 35(7): 577-585 PubMed PMID: 25617880 Citation  Keywords:  Adult, Antioxidants:metabolism, Autoimmune Diseases:immunology, Bacterial Translocation:immunology, Epitopes:immunology, Fatigue Syndrome, Chronic:immunology, Female, Humans, Immunoglobulin M:immunology, Male, Middle Aged, Nitroso Compounds:immunology, Ox.   

OBJECTIVES: There is evidence that inflammatory, oxidative and nitrosative stress (IO&NS) pathways participate in the pathophysiology of a subgroup of patients with Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS). Increased IgM-related autoimmune responses to oxidative specific epitopes (OSEs), including malondialdehyde (MDA), oleic acid and phosphatidyl inositol (Pi), and nitroso-(NO)-adducts, including NO-tryptophan (NOW), NO-arginine and NO-cysteinyl, are frequently observed in ME/CFS. Autoimmune responses in ME/CFS may be driven by increased bacterial translocation as measured by IgM and IgA responses to LPS of gram negative bacteria.

METHODS: The aim of this study is to examine whether IgM responses to OSEs and NO-adducts are related to a better outcome as measured by the Fibromyalgia and Fatigue Rating Scale (FF). 76 ME/CFS patients with initially abnormal autoimmune responses were treated with care-as-usual, including nutraceuticals with anti-IO&NS effects (NAIOS), such as L-carnitine, coenzyme Q10, taurine + lipoic acid, with or without curcumine + quercitine or N-acetyl-cysteine, zinc + glutamine.

RESULTS: We found that use of these NAIOS was associated with highly significant reductions in initially increased IgM-mediated autoimmune responses to OSEs and NO-adducts. A greater reduction in autoimmune responses to OSEs during intake of these NAIOS was associated with a lower FF score. Reductions in IgM responses to oleic acid, MDA and Pi, but not in any of the NO-adducts, were associated with reductions in severity of illness. These associations remained significant after adjusting for possible effects of increased bacterial translocation (leaky gut).

CONCLUSIONS: Our results show that autoimmune responses to OSEs are involved in the pathophysiology of ME/CFS and that these pathways are a new drug target in a subgroup of ME/CFS patients. Although hypernitrosylation and nitrosative stress play a role in ME/CFS, reductions in these pathways are not associated with lowered severity of illness. Randomized controlled trials with NAIOS should be carried out in the subgroup of ME/CFS patients with initially increased autoimmune responses to OSEs....

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Journal Article 2013; 34(Suppl 2): 116-122 PubMed PMID: 24362103 Citation  Keywords:  Animals, Antioxidants:metabolism, Aspirin:toxicity, Behavior, Animal:drug effects, Environmental Exposure, Fishes:metabolism, Glutathione Transferase:metabolism, Lipid Peroxidation:drug effects, Oxidative Stress:drug effects, Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive .   

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of subchronic exposure of juvenile development stages of zebrafish (Danio rerio) to acetylsalicylic acid using selected oxidative stress biomarkers.

DESIGN: Toxicity test with acetylsalicylic acid was performed according to the OECD Guideline No. 215, fish D. rerio aged 30 days were used. The tested concentrations were 0.004, 0.4, 40, 120 and 250 mg.L-1, duration of the test was 28 days. Products of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes were determined as the markers of oxidative stress.

RESULTS: Significantly increased glutathione S-transferase activity was found in fish exposed to acetylsalicylic acid concentrations 40, 120 and 250 mg.L-1. The highest values of glutathione reductase activity were found in the groups exposed to acetylsalicylic acid concentrations 0.4, 40 and 120 mg.L-1. In the group exposed to acetylsalicylic acid concentrations 40 mg.L-1, catalase activity was significantly higher compared to the control group. Significantly higher glutathione peroxidase activity was found in the groups exposed to acetylsalicylic acid concentrations 0.004 and 120 mg.L-1. The concentrations of TBARS were lower in fish exposed to acetylsalicylic acid at all tested concentrations compared to control.

CONCLUSION: The subchronic exposure of zebrafish to acetylsalicylic acid causes an increase in activity of antioxidant and biotransformation enzymes and a decrease in lipid peroxidation....

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Comparative Study 2013; 34(Suppl 2): 71-73 PubMed PMID: 24362095 Citation  Keywords:  Antioxidants:metabolism, Gestational Age, Glutathione Peroxidase:blood, Humans, Infant, Newborn:blood, Infant, Premature:blood, Malondialdehyde:blood, Oxidative Stress, Superoxide Dismutase:blood, Twins,.   

OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to determine the value of the total antioxidant system (TAS) and level of malondialdehyde (MDA), and the activity of glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase in the case of premature twins - identical twins, monozygotic, on the 1st and 5th day of life and to compare the values between the first-born twin A and the second-born twin B.

RESULTS: We confirmed the difference between A and B twins in values of TAS and MDA, as well as the difference between the 1st and 5th day of life.

CONCLUSION: The values of TAS, which show the total activity of antioxidant enzymes in a newborn's organism, reflect the ability of protection against oxidative stress before and during delivery. In the case of twin pregnancy, the value of TAS is crucial and determines the degree and severity of consequences of asphyxia. MDA values indicate the presence of lipoperoxidation....

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Journal Article 2013; 34(Suppl 2): 37-42 PubMed PMID: 24362091 Citation  Keywords:  Animals, Antioxidants:metabolism, Carps:physiology, Catalase:metabolism, Glutathione Reductase:metabolism, Insecticides:toxicity, Oxidative Stress:drug effects, Pyrethrins:toxicity, Superoxide Dismutase:metabolism, Toxicity Tests, Acute,.   

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to assess the effect of pesticide Fury 10 EW, containing zeta-cypermethrin 100 g.l-1, on common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.).

DESIGN: The toxicity tests were performed on common carp according to OECD 203 methodologies. The common carp were exposed to Fury 10 EW at concentrations, 5, 7, 10, 50 and 100 μg.l-1 for 96 h and compared to common carp in a non-treated control group. Acute toxicity tests were detected value 96hLC50=13.8 µg.l-1. On the basis of the results was assessed the effect on the hematological profile, oxidative stress parameters, and antioxidants biomarkers in tissues, in another acute test.

RESULTS: The observed 96hLC50 value of Fury 10 EW was 13.8 μg.l-1. A significantly lower large lymphocyte and monocyte count, and a significantly greater number of segmented eosinophil granulocyte and higher hematocrit was found in the pesticide-exposed common carp compared to controls. Oxidative damage was not detected in the experimental common carp, however there were significant differences from control in superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione reductase (GR) in tissue after acute exposure to 13.8 μg.l-1 Fury 10 EW.

CONCLUSIONS: Zeta-cypermethrin as Fury 10 EW was classified as a substance highly toxic to fish. The hematological profile well oxidative stress parameters and antioxidant defensive systems provide important information about the internal environment of organisms. There is a lack of experimental results about the effects of zeta-cypermethrin on fish in the literature....

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Journal Article 2012; 33(Suppl 3): 190-197 PubMed PMID: 23353866 Citation  Keywords:  Animals, Antioxidants:metabolism, Drug Interactions, Endoplasmic Reticulum:drug effects, Enzyme Activation:drug effects, Female, Muscle, Skeletal:drug effects, Peroxynitrous Acid:biosynthesis, Quercetin:analogs & derivatives, Rabbits, Sarcoplasmic Reticul.   

OBJECTIVES: We examined effect of novel quercetin derivatives on sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca-ATPase activity isolated from skeletal muscles and their potential to prevent injury of SERCA induced by peroxynitrite that is elevated in multiple pathological processes.

METHODS: SR was isolated by ultracentrifugation, ATPase activity of SERCA was measured by NADH-coupled enzyme assay. Sulfhydryl and carbonyl groups content was determined to test oxidation of SERCA. Conformational changes in ATP and calcium binding site were assessed using specific fluorescent labels.

RESULTS: Di(diacetylcafeoyl)-mono-(monoacetylcafeoyl) quercetin (DACQ) restored and diquercetin significantly decreased activity of SERCA in the presence of peroxynitrite. Diquercetin significantly decreased SERCA activity in absence of peroxynitrite. All tested quercetin derivatives decreased thiol group content of SR and caused change in SERCA conformation. Significant decrease of protein carbonyls was observed in SERCA treated with di(diacetylcafeoyl)-mono-(monoacetylcafeoyl) quercetin in the presence of peroxynitrite.

CONCLUSION: DACQ protected SERCA in SR against formation of carbonyls in vitro and protected activity of the pump against inhibition caused by peroxynitrite. However, none tested quercetin derivative did protect SERCA against conformational changes and sulfhydryl group oxidation. Diquercetin inhibited SERCA at relatively low concentrations in the presence of peroxynitrite. Diquercetin and DACQ may prove to be beneficial in treatment of cancer and inflammatory diseases, respectively....

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Journal Article 2012; 33(Suppl 3): 183-189 PubMed PMID: 23353865 Citation  Keywords:  Animals, Antioxidants:metabolism, Basal Metabolism:drug effects, Biomarkers:metabolism, Caspases:metabolism, Female, Homeostasis:drug effects, Melatonin:metabolism, Mice, Mice, Inbred BALB C, Models, Animal, Oxidative Stress:drug effects, Thiobarbituric A.   

OBJECTIVES: Melatonin is a hormone with strong antioxidant activity. It is biosynthesized in the pineal gland and serves in the biological signaling and control of the circadian rhythm. Though there is evidence of beneficial effects of melatonin, the substance was not investigated in greater details associated with specific regulation of oxidative stress in organs and tissues.

DESIGN: The experiment is based on exposure of BALB/c mice to doses from 10 µg to 1mg of melatonin. Mice were euthanized after one and 24 hours, respectively. Biochemical markers in plasma, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and activity of caspase-3 were examined in selected organs.

RESULTS: We confirmed significant alteration in high-density lipoprotein and total cholesterols and glucose. After one day, levels of glucose and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were decreased, while total cholesterol increased in a dose dependent manner. FRAP values increased in spleen, liver, kidney, heart, and brain indicating a growing potential of low molecular weight antioxidants 24 hours after exposure. However, TBARS values indicating oxidative stress were elevated in heart, kidney, and liver.

CONCLUSIONS: Despite the antioxidant properties of melatonin, its effect on the organism is more complicated. It influences not only the oxidative homeostasis but also the basal metabolism, as represented by, e.g., cholesterol and glucose. This substance could thus be used for therapeutical purposes such as amelioration of pathologies associated with generation of reactive species or some metabolic dysfunctions....

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Journal Article 2012; 33(Suppl 3): 136-144 PubMed PMID: 23353857 Citation  Keywords:  Alzheimer Disease:chemically induced, Animals, Antioxidants:metabolism, Brain:drug effects, Caspase 3:metabolism, Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury:metabolism, Cholinesterase Inhibitors:toxicity, Disease Models, Animal, Female, Guinea Pigs, Heart:dru.   

OBJECTIVES: Tacrine was the first acetylcholinesterase inhibitor approved for the treatment of Alzheimer disease. The compound is not available for therapeutic purposes as it was withdrawn due to hepatotoxicity of its metabolites. The hepatotoxicity can be decreased by alternative ways of drug administration avoiding thus the first pass effect. The present study is aimed to investigate the influence of intramuscularly administrated tacrine on oxidative stress.

METHODS: Laboratory guinea pigs were exposed to tacrine at doses of 0-800 μg/kg. The animals were euthanized 1 and 24 hours after the exposure. Parameters such as ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), carbonylated proteins, caspase 3 activity, superoxide dismutase activity and glutathione reductase activity were assessed in the frontal, temporal and occipital lobe, cerebellum, liver, spleen, heart, and kidney. Moreover, levels of glucose, total and HDL cholesterol forms, triglycerides, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, total bilirubin, total protein, albumin and activities of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase were assessed in plasma samples.

RESULTS: Activities of the enzymatic markers, level of carbonylated proteins in organs and levels of biochemical markers in plasma were only slightly influenced by tacrine. Dose-dependent elevation of the FRAP value was recognized in the brain tissues and the liver. The TBARS value was increased in the kidney and heart 1 and 24 hours, respectively, after exposure.

CONCLUSION: In the study, the effect of tacrine on markers of oxidative stress was proved. Possible positive effects of tacrine on the antioxidant defence in the brain tissue were discussed....

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