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Journal Article 2008; 29(2): 246-251 PubMed PMID: 18404133 Citation  Keywords:  Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity:genetics, Case-Control Studies, Child, DNA Mutational Analysis, Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins:genetics, Dopamine beta-Hydroxylase:genetics, Female, Gene Frequency, Genetic Predisposition to Disea.   

BACKGROUND: Pharmacological approach is the most effective way of treatment of ADHD and its early application prevents from the progress of secondary disorders. The study on present neurotransmitter systems in pathology of ADHD can be helpful in selecting appropriate drug, since there are used various substances with different mechanisms of functioning in treatment of the hyperkinetic syndrome.r />r /> METHOD: Within our study there were selected the genes of dopaminergic (DRD2, DRD3, DAT1), noradrenergic (DBH) and serotoninergic (5-HTT) systems. With the use of molecular-genetic methods based on association strategy "case-control" there were analysed genes including 11 polymorphisms. The presence of risk alleles was examined in comparison of the sample of 100 ADHD children to a control group of another 100 subjects, who were checked by child psychiatrists and examined with the Conners test in order to exclude eventual cases with ADHD symptoms.r />r /> RESULTS: Our research suggests the association of some genes with ADHD. It could be concluded: 1) the risk of ADHD is significantly increased in the presence of one risk allele in genes DRD2 (O.R.=7,5), 5-HTT (O.R.=2,7) and DAT1 (O.R.=1,6). 2) The risk of ADHD is significantly increased at homozygotes for risk alleles in genes DRD2 (O.R.=54,8), 5-HTT (O.R.=6,7) and DAT1 (O.R.=6,6). For polymorphisms G444A and C1603T in DBH, which were detected by univariant analysis, haplotype analysis was performed and resulted in conclusion that: 3) the risk of ADHD is significantly increased in the presence of allele DBH +444A as well as in the presence of allele DBH +1603T (O.R.=15)....

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Journal Article 2008; 29(2): 230-234 PubMed PMID: 18404132 Citation  Keywords:  Animals, CHO Cells, Cells, Cultured, Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone:genetics, Cricetinae, Cricetulus, Estradiol:pharmacology, Humans, Promoter Regions, Genetic:drug effects, RNA, Messenger:metabolism, Receptors, Estrogen:antagonists & inhibitors, SUMO-1 .   

OBJECTIVES: Human corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH) plays a pivotal role in the stress response. Its expression is under the control of various steroid hormones, such as estrogens. The transcriptional activity of the estrogen receptor (ER) may be modified by small-ubiquitin related modifier (SUMO1). In the present study, we aim to reveal the role of SUMO1 in the regulation of ER-mediated CRH promoter activation.r />r /> METHODS: CHO-K1 cells were transfected with human ER and SUMO1 expressing plasmids together with the CRH promoter reporter gene. CRH mRNA was detected in BE(2)C cells by real time PCR.r />r /> RESULTS: We found that estradiol could elevate CRH promoter activity to a much higher level in cells co-transfected with ER and SUMO1 than that with ER alone, and that the enhancement was blocked by the ER inhibitor, ICI182,780. Furthermore, the endogenous CRH mRNA expression was also increased when the BE(2)C cell were transfected with ERalpha and SUMO1 in contrast to the transfection with ERalpha alone.r />r /> CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that SUMO1 participates in the modulation of ER-mediated CRH mRNA expression which may be important for the regulation of the stress response....

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Journal Article 2008; 29(1): 71-74 PubMed PMID: 18283271 Citation  Keywords:  Adolescent, Aggression:psychology, Anxiety:psychology, Child, Child Abuse:classification, Child, Preschool, Disabled Children:psychology, Epilepsy, Post-Traumatic:classification, Humans, International Classification of Diseases:classification, Panic Disor.   

: This paper studies the contribution of anxiety in origin of functional behavioural disorders of children. The intense sensing of anxiety attributes to the shaping of one's personality. Adaptation and adjustment, accommodation and assimilation to stressful conditions producing anxiety are analyzed. There are diagnosed reactions of organism to the circumstances of the CAN syndrome and trauma. In these circumstances, a primary perception of reality is at stake that consequently leads to sociopathological features. This paper also provides the authors' opinions of psychoanalytical and behavioural schools on origin of personal decompensation and neurotic disorders. Causes of panic disorder and other diseases, in which a stress trauma plays a role, are considered. For these reasons the authors suggest classifying the CAN syndrome as a separate nosologic unit in the future ICD-11....

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Journal Article 2008; 29(1): 11-15 PubMed PMID: 18283270 Citation  Keywords:  Adolescent, Age Factors, Child, Child, Preschool, Endoscopy:methods, Female, Genital Diseases, Female:diagnosis, Genitalia, Female:abnormalities, Humans, Hysteroscopy, Laparoscopy,.   

: Early proper diagnostics and treatment of developmental age pathologies in most cases facilitate correct sex organ development, as well as reproductive functions formation. To make the foregoing possible, it is necessary to apply minimally invasive and safest methods like vaginoscopy, hysteroscopy and laparoscopy. The main application field of vaginoscopy and hysteroscopy in pediatric and adolescent gynecology is the diagnosis and treatment of vulvar and vaginal pathologies and developmental anomalies of sex organ. The laparoscopy is becoming a more and more popular method in the treatment of adnexal tumors in children, due to its little invasiveness, quick recovery and less severe pain complaints after the surgery. The application of these endoscopic procedures should always be preceded by the complex noninvasive diagnostics, such as ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging. The endoscopic procedures facilitate wide-ranging diagnostics and simultaneously therapeutic management, ensuring minimal invasion and high safety of the surgery. They should be considered diagnostics and treatment of choice in the pathology of vulva, vagina, developmental anomalies of sex organ and adnexal tumors in patients of the developmental age....

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Comparative Study 2008; 29(1): 141-145 PubMed PMID: 18283269 Citation  Keywords:  Adolescent, Adrenocorticotropic Hormone:blood, Blood Pressure:physiology, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Hydrocortisone:blood, Lipids:blood, Male, Metabolic Syndrome X:blood, Obesity:blood, Risk Factors,.   

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the varying degrees of obesity and blood glucocorticoid levels in obese children and adolescents with and without metabolic syndrome features.r />r /> METHODS: We studied 241 obese children and adolescents aged between 2 and 17.6 years; 127 boys and 114 girls. All children underwent an oral glucose tolerance test. Measurements included blood pressure, cortisol, ACTH, and lipid profiles. The diagnosis of metabolic syndrome was defined according to the criteria adapted from World Health Organisation and National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel-III guidelines.r />r /> RESULTS: Blood cortisol and ACTH levels were higher in patients with MS than without MS (p = 0.02). ACTH levels increased with weight (r = 0.13, p = 0.02), systolic blood pressure (r = 0.21, p = 0.002), diastolic blood pressure (r = 0.17, p = 0.01), fasting glucose (r = 0.17, p = 0.01). Cortisol production was only correlated with systolic blood pressure (r = 0.12, p = 0.05).r />r /> CONCLUSIONS: Results from the present study indicates that there may be a link between cortisol production and the metabolic syndrome in obese children and adolescents....

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Journal Article 2008; 29(1): 131-136 PubMed PMID: 18283268 Citation  Keywords:  Adult, Case-Control Studies, Female, Humans, Hypothyroidism:blood, Middle Aged, Resistin:blood, Thyrotropin:blood, Thyroxine:blood, Triiodothyronine:blood,.   

OBJECTIVES: Although resistin is involved in metabolism, its role in humans is unclear. Since thyroid status influences metabolism, and since only few studies have evaluated the associations between resistin and thyroid status with inconclusive results, we investigated serum serum resistin levels and their correlations with TSH, FT4 and FT3 in hypothyroid and euthyroid women.r />r /> DESIGN AND METHODS: Study group consisted of 22 women with a history of total thyroidectomy and radioiodine ablation performed for thyroid cancer. Controls were 22 healthy euthyroid women matched for age and BMI. After six-weeks of thyroxine withdrawal, subjects were admitted to the Department of Endocrinology of the Poznan University of Medical Sciences to perform this study.r />r /> RESULTS: Serum resistin concentrations were lower in hypothyroid patients, 12.40 +/- 5.197 vs. 18.01 +/- 7.31, p=0.0065. In hypothyroid subjects, correlations were as follows: r of -0.2636 and p of 0.248, r of 0.0336 and p of 0.885, and r of 0.3080 and P of 0.174 for resistin and FT4, resistin and FT3, and resistin and TSH, respectively. In controls: r of 0.0311 and p of 0.8908, r of -0.0986 and p of 0.6625, and r of 0.1605 and p of 0.4754 for resistin and FT4, resistin and FT3, and resistin and TSH, respectively.r />r /> CONCLUSIONS: Short-term profound hypothyroidism decreased resistin levels. However, no significant correlations between the levels of circulating resistin and thyroid hormones and TSH were shown....

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Letter 2008; 29(1): 59-62 PubMed PMID: 18283267 Citation  Keywords:  Acromegaly:blood, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Drug Administration Schedule, Growth Hormone:blood, Humans, Insulin-Like Growth Factor I:metabolism, Octreotide:therapeutic use, Peptides, Cyclic:therapeutic use, Poland, Somatostatin:analogs & derivativ.   

: Consensus statement of the Polish Society for Endocrinology, regarding presurgical somatostatin analogs in acromegaly has been presented. It is suggested to administer depot somatostatin analog (Octreotide LAR at the dose 20 mg and then 30 mg or equivalent doses of Lanreotide Autogel 90/120 mg every 4 weeks) in order to normalize or suppress to a maximal extent GH and IGF-1 concentrations. The period of therapy in case of microadenoma would be at least 3 months (targets: biochemical improvement, reduced risk of disease's complications, perioperative risk reduction, inhibition of tumor growth). The period of therapy in case of macroadenoma would be at least 6 months, until maximal possible reduction of GH and IGF-1 concentrations (targets: tumor shrinkage, biochemical improvement, reduced risk of disease's complications, perioperative risk reduction). Using an uniform approach in a group, as numerous as possible, of treated patients would allow objective evaluation of long-term efficacy of the treatment....

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Letter 2008; 29(1): 63-66 PubMed PMID: 18283266 Citation  Keywords:  Humans, Leukocytes:metabolism, Morphine:metabolism, Opioid Peptides:metabolism, Substance-Related Disorders:metabolism,.   

: Human and invertebrate tissues have the ability to synthesize morphine, making it an endogenous chemical messenger. Given this new insight we sought to investigate whether substances of abuse have the ability to interact with endogenous morphine processes. Moreover we have shown that cocaine, alcohol and nicotine significantly enhance (125)I-trace labeled morphine release from invertebrate ganglia and human white blood cells. These data and newer research contribute to an evolving hypothesis linking the reinforcing and addictive properties of a variety of drugs of abuse to convergent mechanisms, involving endogenous morphine signaling and establish an opiate foundation as a unifying principle by which we may advance our understanding of polymodal drug abuse mechanisms....

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