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Journal Article 2005; 26(4): 305-309 PubMed PMID: 16136021 Citation  Keywords:  Animals, Female, Hypothalamus:physiology, Hypothalamus, Middle:physiology, Median Eminence:physiology, Pituitary Gland, Anterior:physiology, Pituitary Gland, Posterior:physiology, Pregnancy, Pregnancy, Animal:physiology, Preoptic Area:physiology, RNA, Mes.   

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was the detection and location of long form leptin receptor (OB-Rb) in different area of hypothalamus and pituitary in the pig during early pregnancy.r />r /> SETTINGS AND DESIGN: Expression of OB-Rb was examined by RT-PCR in the different area of hypothalamus: medial basal hypothalamus (MBH), preoptic area (POA), stalk median eminence (SME), as well as pituitary: the anterior (AP) and posterior (NP) lobe collected from gilts at days 14-16 (n=4) and 30-32 (n=4) of pregnancy.r />r /> RESULTS: The results showed that OB-Rb mRNA was expressed in the hypothalamus (MBH, POA and SME), pituitary (AP, NP) and adipose tissue in the pig during early pregnancy (at days 14-16 and 30-32).r />r /> CONCLUSION: These findings support the idea that leptin might play a role in the regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis activity, and consequently in the control of pregnancy during critical period of embryo implantation in the pig....

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Case Reports 2005; 26(4): 311-313 PubMed PMID: 16136020 Citation  Keywords:  Adolescent, Brain Injuries:complications, Female, Growth Disorders:diagnosis, Humans, Hypopituitarism:diagnosis, Pituitary Gland, Anterior:physiopathology,.   

: Neuroendocrine complications are among important and frequently missed complications of traumatic brain injury. Hypopituitarism, the partial or complete insufficiency of anterior pituitary secretion may be underrecognized due to its subtle clinical manifestations in traumatic patients. We report a case of 14.5-year-old girl who was admitted due to growth failure and had been diagnosed to have multiple hypophyseal hormone deficiency including thyroid-stimulating hormone, gonadotropins, adrenocorticotropin hormone which developed years after traumatic head injury....

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Case Reports 2005; 26(4): 314-316 PubMed PMID: 16136019 Citation  Keywords:  Aged, Arthritis, Rheumatoid:complications, Depressive Disorder, Major:complications, Female, Humans, Neuroimmunomodulation, Prefrontal Cortex:physiology, Recurrence, Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation:adverse effects,.   

: Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has been suggested as antidepressive treatment strategy. The mechanism of action by which the antidepressive effect is brought about remains unclear at present. Here, we report findings in a patient suffering from recurrent major depression and rheumatoid arthritis. Improvement of depressive symptoms during 20 Hz rTMS of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex was repeatedly associated with a systemic inflammatory reaction, suggesting that rTMS induced an immunomodulatory effect....

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Case Reports 2005; 26(4): 317-319 PubMed PMID: 16136018 Citation  Keywords:  Adult, Anticonvulsants:adverse effects, Calcium:administration & dosage, Carbamazepine:adverse effects, Epilepsy, Tonic-Clonic:complications, Female, Humans, Hypocalcemia:chemically induced, Intellectual Disability:complications, Tetany:chemically induced.   

OBJECTIVE AND METHODS: We presented a rare case of tetanic crisis in a 23-year old mentally retarded woman with epilepsy after treatment by oxcarbazepine, the new anticonvulsant agent. We reviewed laboratory, radiographic and medical examinations and recommend a proper treatment in such cases.r />r /> RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The laboratory tests revealed only severe hypocalcemia. We described the potential role of oxcarbazepine in the induction of activity of cytochrome P 450 system of hepar and increases of less active metabolism of vitamin D. Supplementation of vitamin D and calcium in patients taking antiepileptic drugs is in the same case crucial....

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Journal Article 2005; 26(4): 321-325 PubMed PMID: 16136017 Citation  Keywords:  Adult, Anticonvulsants:therapeutic use, Depressive Disorder:diagnosis, Dissociative Disorders:complications, Epilepsy, Complex Partial:diagnosis, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic:complications,.   

OBJECTIVES: According to recent findings trauma and stress are important etiological factors in pathogenesis of depression. As characteristic features of depressive cognition have been reported intrusive thoughts and memory disturbances similar to posttraumatic symptoms known in patients with posttraumatic stress disorder or dissociative disorders. Hypothetically is also suggested a close relationship of traumatic dissociation and epileptic-like phenomena.r />r /> SETTINGS AND DESIGN: In the clinical study were assessed 70 adult people with a diagnosis of depression and 50 healthy controls. In the assessment were used 6 measures for symptoms of dissociation, depression, traumatic stress and psychosenzoric symptoms of epileptic origin (the so-called complex partial seizure-like symptoms).r />r /> RESULTS: Reported data show that a great number of depressive patients who met the cut-off score for dissociative disorders (34.2%, N=24) had significantly higher traumatization, depression, subjectively experienced stress and complex partial seizure-like symptoms than the whole group of patients and the controls. Most significant traumatization has been found in patients who met the cut-off score of psychosenzoric epileptic-like symptoms which is characteristic for the epilepsy spectrum disorder (5.7%, N=4).r />r /> MAIN FINDINGS: Significant correlations of these assessed symptoms suggest close relationship between traumatic stress and dissociation in depression. This close relationship of dissociative symptomatology and traumatic stress also implicates an important role of dissociative processes in depression as a typical manifestation of depressive cognition. Assessed relationship between traumatic distress and complex partial seizure-like symptoms suggests a possible role of epileptic-like phenomena in dissociative states related to depression.r />r /> CONCLUSIONS: Assessed relationship between traumatization, depression and epileptic-like phenomena in the patients who met cut-off score for epilepsy spectrum disorder can contribute to the problem of indication of several depressive patients to anticonvulsant therapy because of reported evidence that a clear majority of patients with epilepsy spectrum disorder respond well to anticonvulsant treatment. Careful assessment of this test battery thus may be useful also for anticonvulsant treatment strategy....

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Journal Article 2005; 26(4): 327-335 PubMed PMID: 16136016 Citation  Keywords:  Acute Disease, Antipsychotic Agents:therapeutic use, Humans, Psychomotor Agitation:drug therapy, Psychotic Disorders:complications,.   

: Several psychotic disorders, including schizophrenia, may be associated with symptoms of acute agitation and aggression. While drug treatment of agitation is often essential, non-pharmacological interventions, both environmental and behavioral, also play important roles in the complex management of agitated patients. The most extensively used psychotropic drugs are parenteral formulas of conventional antipsychotics and benzodiazepines. Recently, injection forms of two second generation antipsychotics, olanzapine and ziprasidone, have become available. Both drugs have shown adequate efficacy and tolerability in several double-blind trials of intramuscular administration in acutely agitated psychotic patients. Compared to conventional medication, injection forms of the new antipsychotics may have a faster onset of action and more favorable profile of adverse events. Alternative approaches to injection administration include liquid drug formula, orally disintegrating tablets and wafers, treatment initiation with high doses, or rapid dose escalation. Evidence suggests that second-generation antipsychotics should be among the first-line choices in the treatment of agitation in acute psychosis....

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Letter 2005; 26(4): 327-335 PubMed PMID: 16136015 Citation  Keywords:  Adult, Antipsychotic Agents:adverse effects, Depressive Disorder:drug therapy, Female, Humans, Hyperprolactinemia:blood, Male, Middle Aged, Prolactin:blood, Sulpiride:adverse effects,.   

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Journal Article 2005; 26(4): 283-288 PubMed PMID: 16136014 Citation  Keywords:  Animals, Causalgia:physiopathology, Denervation, Electric Stimulation, Female, Male, Motor Cortex:physiology, Nociceptors:physiology, Pain Threshold:physiology, Rats, Rats, Long-Evans, Rhizotomy,.   

OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to describe the effect of motor cortex stimulation (MCS) on pain thresholds in deafferentated rats.r />r /> SETTINGS AND DESIGN: The effect of MCS was studied in 18 deafferentated and 14 intact laboratory rats, using a standardised plantar test and tail-flick latencies. Two inoxious stimulation electrodes were implanted subdurally over the cerebral cortex and a C5-Th1 dorsal root rhizotomy was performed on the left side. Pain thresholds were measured before and after cortical stimulation. The data were analysed with ANOVA for repeated measures.r />r /> RESULTS: MCS in intact animals evoked no changes in pain thresholds except for the contralateral forelimb, in which the pain threshold increased after MCS. Following deafferentation, pain thresholds increased in both plantar test and tail-flick in comparison to baseline values. When MCS was applied to the deafferentated animals, the pain thresholds returned to baseline levels. The effect of MCS disappeared within 24 hours.r />r /> MAIN FINDINGS: 1. MCS in intact animals evoked hypoesthesia in the corresponding contralateral forelimb; 2. deafferentation itself increased pain thresholds in the unaffected limbs; 3. under MCS, pain thresholds in deafferentated rats were not different from pre-dafferentation values; 4. the effect of MCS disappeared in 24 hours and oscillated.r />r /> CONCLUSIONS: Our results show a similar effect of the stimulation in man and experimental animals despite the differences in the organisation of the cerebral cortex. The use of laboratory animals is promising for further studies in the field of involved antalgic mechanisms of MCS....

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