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Journal Article 2011; 32(Suppl 2): 24-28 PubMed PMID: 22101878 Citation  Keywords:  Aged, Biological Transport:drug effects, Body Weight, Cell Line, Tumor, Cells, Cultured, Cholesterol:blood, Cholesterol, HDL:blood, Female, Fluorobenzenes:pharmacology, Humans, Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors:pharmacology, Lipids:blood, Lip.   

OBJECTIVES: One of the positive effects of rosuvastatin is an increase in HDL cholesterol (HDL-C). An increase in HDL-C is considered as one of the positive effects of this type of statin, although it does not necessarily correspond to the actual reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) rate. We analyzed the influence of statin induced changes in HDL-C on cholesterol efflux (CHE), the key step affecting the RCT.r />r /> DESIGN: Fourteen subjects (7 men, age: 50.9 ± 8.4 years and 7 women, age: 59.7 ± 10.6 years) with mixed dyslipidemia received 20 mg of rosuvastatin daily for 3 months. Before the initiation of statin therapy and at the end of the study period, the CHE from 14C cholesterol-labeled macrophages was determined in addition to parameters related to lipid metabolism. CHE was calculated as the percentage of radioactivity released from the macrophages into the media containing 5% of the examined plasma.r />r /> RESULTS: The rosuvastatin administration resulted in significant reductions of total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and apolipoprotein B and a significant increase in HDL-C (from 1.43 mmol/l to 1.52 mmol/l, p=0.05), while the levels of apolipoprotein A1 remained unchanged. There was no significant increase in CHE (from 16.1% to 17.6%, p for trend = 0.053). Individual changes in HDL-C correlated significantly (p<0.05) with individual changes of CHE (r=0.76).r />r /> CONCLUSION: Administration of rosuvastatin increases HDL-C, and individual changes correlate with the individual increases of CHE from macrophages....

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Journal Article 2011; 32(Suppl 2): 21-23 PubMed PMID: 22101877 Citation  Keywords:  Adult, C-Reactive Protein:analysis, Czech Republic:epidemiology, Family Characteristics, Fatigue:psychology, Female, Humans, Immunochemistry, Male, Middle Aged, Nephelometry and Turbidimetry, Poverty:psychology, Socioeconomic Factors, Stress, Psychologica.   

BACKGROUND: C-reactive protein (CRP) is an acute-phase serum protein produced by the liver. High plasma levels of CRP have been associated primarily with infection, but elevated CRP levels have also been found to be associated with more than one hundred conditions and factors, including social and economic factors.r />r /> MATERIALS AND METHODS: To evaluate the possible association between individuals' number of children and plasma levels of C-reactive protein, we studied a representative population of 2,426 adults. CRP was analyzed using the high sensitivity method (hsCRP). Individuals were divided into five groups of zero, one, two, three and four and more children.r />r /> RESULTS: We found that individuals with more children had significantly higher levels of plasma hsCRP than individuals without children or than individuals with a low number of children (p for trend <0.001). This association could reflect the known associations between CRP and higher economic stress, exhaustion, episodic stress and chronic stress.r />r /> CONCLUSIONS: We found significantly elevated levels of plasma CRP in individuals with more children than in individuals without children or with a low number of children....

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Journal Article 2011; 32(Suppl 2): 17-20 PubMed PMID: 22101876 Citation  Keywords:  Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Animals, Blood Pressure:physiology, Body Mass Index, C-Reactive Protein:metabolism, Carps, Cholesterol, HDL:blood, Cholesterol, LDL:blood, Czech Republic, Diet, Fatty Acids, Omega-3:blood, Female, Humans, Lipids:blood, Male.   

OBJECTIVES: Omega-3 fatty acids (FA) have been shown to be protective against cardiovascular diseases (CVD). The effect of the consumption of carp meat on CVD risk factors has not yet been examined in detail. We ascertained the influence of a diet enriched with carp meat with an elevated content of omega-3FA (200 g twice weekly for 4 weeks) in a group of subjects after cardiac revascularization surgery for ischemic heart disease with a follow-up spa treatment.r />r /> DESIGN: After cardiac revascularization surgery, the probands consumed either a standard spa diet (56 individuals, 41 males, 15 females, age 41-80 years) or a diet enriched with two portions of carp meat (87 individuals, 64 males, 23 females, age 50-82 years). The differences in body mass index (kg/m²), blood pressure, plasma lipids and C-reactive protein (CRP) of the groups were analyzed.r />r /> RESULTS: In the group with a higher consumption of carp meat, significantly greater improvements in lipid parameters in comparison to the standard spa diet were detected (total cholesterol p<0.001, triglycerides p<0.001, LDL-C p<0.001, CRP p<0.001, HDL-C p<0.001). No differences between these groups in blood pressure and body mass index were found.r />r /> CONCLUSION: We conclude that the diet enriched with carp meat significantly improved plasma lipid parameters in patients after major cardiac revascularization surgery....

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Journal Article 2011; 32(Suppl 2): 13-16 PubMed PMID: 22101875 Citation  Keywords:  Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Alcoholic Beverages:statistics & numerical data, Animals, Beer:statistics & numerical data, Beverages, Coffee, Czech Republic:epidemiology, Diet Surveys, Energy Intake, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Milk, Sex Factors, Surveys.   

BACKGROUND: Food intake is a commonly monitored issue in many studies. In contrast, almost no information has been published on beverage intake in adults.r />r /> MATERIAL AND METHODS: To evaluate beverage intake, we studied a population of 1, 200 adults (656 males and 544 females, aged 18-54 years). The volumes and types of beverages were obtained from self-reported questionnaires.r />r /> RESULTS: The mean beverage intake was highly variable, with a minimum of 450 mL/day and a maximum of 5,330 mL/day. A mean of 1,575 mL/day was found in the entire population (2,300 mL in males and 840 mL in females). Different patterns in the consumption of beverage types were observed between the males and females. For both males and females, the most common beverage consumed was water followed by tea. The next preferable beverages were alcoholic beer, coffee, and non-alcoholic beer in males and coffee, milk, and alcoholic beer in females. The estimated caloric intake from beverages covers, in most individuals, 10-30% of the recommended daily caloric intake.r />r /> CONCLUSIONS: There is substantial variation among individuals, both in beverage intake and in caloric intake through beverages. The caloric intake from beverages reaches, in some individuals, one-third of the recommended daily caloric rate....

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Case Reports 2011; 32(Suppl 2): 9-12 PubMed PMID: 22101874 Citation  Keywords:  Aged, Anti-Bacterial Agents:therapeutic use, Aortic Valve:pathology, Cardiac Surgical Procedures, Endocarditis, Bacterial:etiology, Fever:etiology, Heart Valve Prosthesis:adverse effects, Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation, Humans, Male, Postoperative Co.   

: In this report, we present a case of a 68-year-old male who developed extensive, devastating prosthetic valve endocarditis (PVE) several months following aortic valve replacement with a tissue valve St. Jude Epic Supra. He was successfully treated with a complex surgical procedure. In the discussion, we focus on the issues of prosthetic aortic valve endocarditis and various modes of treatment....

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Journal Article 2011; 32(Suppl 2): 3-8 PubMed PMID: 22101873 Citation  Keywords:  Animals, Carps:genetics, Czech Republic, Diet, Dietary Fats, Unsaturated, Environment, Fatty Acids:genetics, Humans, Lipid Metabolism, Muscle, Skeletal:metabolism, alpha-Linolenic Acid:metabolism,.   

: There is evidence that n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids (n-3 HUFA), especially eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), are beneficial for human health, especially for the cardiovascular system. The sources of n-3 HUFA, including EPA and DHA, are scarce in diet consumed by the Czech population. Thus, it would be beneficial to generally increase fish consumption and also to increase the content of the beneficial fatty acids (FA) in locally produced fish and other products. Therefore the overall aim of this paper was to review factors influencing lipid content and composition in common carp, which is the major cultured fish in the Czech Republic, and to identify long term sustainable ways for increasing the beneficial fatty acids in the carp flesh. We conclude that there are several ways to improve the FA composition of common carp in the traditional pond production. High amount of natural food, good supplemental diet containing high level of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) and suitable processing and cooking were identified as the most important ones....

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Clinical Trial 2011; 32(4): 526-529 PubMed PMID: 21876518 Citation  Keywords:  17-alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone:blood, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Analgesics, Opioid:administration & dosage, Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal:surgery, Endovascular Procedures:methods, Fentanyl:administration & dosage, Humans, Hydrocortisone:blood, Hypnotics and Sed.   

OBJECTIVES: Endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) repair was performed with local anaesthesia and intravenous analgesia. The objective of the study was to evaluate how two analgesia protocols affected stress response, measured as cortisol, 17-OH progesterone (17OHP) and prolactin (PRL) concentration during the procedure.r />r /> METHODS: 44 patients undergoing elective AAA endovascular repair were included to either receive regular boluses of fentanyl midazolam or remifentanil continuous infusion, analgesia was monitored by Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) measurement; cortisol, 17OHP and PRL were sampled preoperatively, at skin incision, endovascular prosthesis release and skin suture.r />r /> RESULTS: 42 patients were included. Mean VAS values were lower in the remifentanil group 0.50±0.68 vs 1.48±1.20, p=0.002 at incision, 0.24±0.58 vs 1.45±1.18, p<0.001 prosthesis release, 0.51±0.90 vs 1.73±1.45, p=0.002 suture. No statistically significant difference was found among cortisol and 17OHP levels; PRL was significantly lower in the fentanyl-midazolam group (23.83±16.92 ng/ml vs 40.81±22.45 p=0.009 at prosthesis release and 28.23±15.05 vs 41.37±14.54, p=0.007 at suture).r />r /> CONCLUSIONS: Although statistically significant VAS difference had a limited clinical impact due to its small entity. The group that experienced less pain showed a more intense PRL response, while cortisol and 17OHP did not reach statistical significance....

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Comparative Study 2011; 32(4): 428-436 PubMed PMID: 21876517 Citation  Keywords:  Adult, Anthropometry, Antipsychotic Agents:adverse effects, Benzodiazepines:adverse effects, Blood Glucose:drug effects, Clozapine:adverse effects, Female, Glucose Intolerance:chemically induced, Humans, Hyperprolactinemia:chemically induced, Insulin Resi.   

OBJECTIVES: This study consisting of two subprojects was undertaken to evaluate the effects of hyperprolactinemia on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk parameters such as anthropometric measures, insulin sensitivity and blood lipids in patients with schizophrenia or related psychoses on long term treatment with antipsychotics.r />r /> METHODS: In subproject Ι, 45 patients receiving the 2nd generation antipsychotics risperidone, clozapine or olanzapine were compared regarding prolactin (PRL), body mass index (BMI), insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and blood lipids. In subproject Π, 24 patients receiving 1st or 2nd generation antipsychotics were investigated with diurnal profile of PRL and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT).r />r /> RESULTS: Elevated PRL levels were found in about 45% of the patients and occurred more often in patients receiving risperidone or haloperidol, compared to patients receiving clozapine or olanzapine. In contrast, in subproject Ι, insulin and HOMA-IR were higher and high density lipoprotein cholesterol was lower in patients receiving clozapine or olanzapine, compared with patients receiving risperidone. However, PRL levels did not correlate to BMI, insulin, HOMA-IR or lipids in any of these three treatment groups. In subproject Π, OGTT showed impaired glucose tolerance in 25% and new-onset diabetes in 4% of the 24 patients investigated. Additionally, the PRL (median 24 h) levels correlated positively to the 2 h glucose level at OGTT (rs=0.42, p=0.04).r />r /> CONCLUSIONS: Our findings point to that hyperprolactinemia due to 1st and 2nd generation antipsychotics may decrease insulin sensitivity, whereas other mechanisms probably underlie insulin resistance induced by PRL-sparing antipsychotics such as clozapine and olanzapine....

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