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Journal Article 2016; 37(Suppl 1): 13-16 PubMed PMID: 28263525 Citation  Keywords:  Adult, Air Pollutants:adverse effects, Humans, Male, Metal Nanoparticles:adverse effects, Middle Aged, Occupational Diseases:blood, Occupational Exposure:adverse effects, Oxidative Stress, Pilot Projects, Titanium:adverse effects,.   

<strong>OBJECTIVES:strong> Experimental studies using nanoscale TiO2 have documented lung injury, inflammation, oxidative stress, and genotoxicity. Human health data are extremely scarce.

<strong>METHODS:strong> In exhaled breath condensate (EBC) and urine of 22 office employees occupationally exposed to TiO2 during their visit in the production workshops for average 14±9 min/day a panel of biomarkers of nucleic acids and proteins oxidation was studied, specifically 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), 8-hydroxyguanosine (8-OHG), 5-hydroxymethyl uracil (5-OHMeU), o-tyrosine (o-Tyr), 3-chlorotyrosine (3-ClTyr), and 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NOTyr). Examination was performed also in 14 comparable controls.

<strong>RESULTS:strong> The median respirable TiO2 mass concentration in the workshops was 0.40 mg/m3, median number concentration was 2.32×104 particles/cm3 with 80% of the particles being
<strong>CONCLUSION:strong> This pilot study suggests that even short nanoTiO2 exposure may lead to pulmonary oxidative stress; however this effect may be short-term and reversible. The clinical significance of these findings is unclear and more studies are needed.

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Case Reports 2016; 37(Suppl 1): 9-12 PubMed PMID: 28263524 Citation  Keywords:  Adult, Asphyxia:complications, Brain Diseases:etiology, Female, Fetal Diseases, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Premature, Pregnancy, Sympathetic Nervous System,.   

<strong>:strong> The aim of the study was to analyse case report of prenatally unknown asphyxia of the foetus (a preterm newborn from the second pregnancy delivered by urgent caesarean section in 31st gestational week; birth weight 850 grams, birth length 41 cm, value of Apgar score 7/8) with signs of respiratory insufficiency immediately after birth with hypotonicity. The authors present the case of postnatal at the 1st day of life assessed cystic malformation in the brain of premature newborn. They emphasize the importance of detailed prenatal investigation as most important in preventing prenatal asphyxia and consequent complications. Central nervous system and especially white matter of the brain of the newborn is most vulnerable area of the brain. Together with oxidative stress after exceeding of antioxidant capacity belong among main factors that play an important role in the pathogenesis of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy.

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Historical Article 2016; 37(Suppl 1): 3-8 PubMed PMID: 28263523 Citation  Keywords:  Congresses as Topic:history, Czech Republic, History, 20th Century, History, 21st Century, Humans, Slovakia, Toxicology:history,.   

<strong>:strong> This is an overview and assessment of the value of the International Interdisciplinary Toxicological Conferences TOXCON, which have been organized reciprocally in Slovakia and the Czech Republic since 1996. Characterization of the individual annual conferences and the results of mutual cooperation between the Slovak Toxicology Society (SETOX) and the Toxicological Section of the Czech Society for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology of the Czech Medical Association of J. E. Purkyně (TS ČSEKFT ČLS JEP) are presented. Moreover, cooperation and common efforts to promote toxicology as a modern interdisciplinary subject with toxicological organizations from the Visegrad Group (V4) and within the Federation of European Societies of Toxicology EUROTOX are also highlighted.

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Journal Article 2016; 37(suppl 2): 52-57 PubMed PMID: 28233961 Citation  Keywords:  Adult, Air Pollutants:adverse effects, Air Pollution:adverse effects, Benzo(a)pyrene:adverse effects, Chromosome Aberrations:chemically induced, Czech Republic, Female, Fetal Growth Retardation:chemically induced, Humans, Infant, Low Birth Weight, Infant,.   

:&nbsp;Air pollution with increased concentrations of carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (c-PAHs, represented by benzo[a]pyrene, B[a]P) affect fetal development, reduce birth weights (LBW) of newborns, and increases intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR). The Southern Bohemia Region is believed to be one of the least air polluted regions in the Czech Republic. Monitoring air pollution in the city of České Budějovice from 2011-2015, PM2.5 (particulate matter <2.5 µm) decreased from 20.3 ± 14.5 µg/m3 to 14.3 ± 8.6 µg/m3, but concentrations of B[a]P did not change between the years 2007-2015: 1.5 ± 0.6 ng/m3 vs. 1.4 ± 1.4 ng/m3. Higher B[a]P concentrations the winter induce genetic damage in newborns, increase frequency of micronuclei (chromosomal aberrations), deregulate genes for immunity in umbilical cord blood, and increase incidence of IUGR and LBW in newborns....

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Journal Article 2016; 37(suppl 2): 11-17 PubMed PMID: 28233960 Citation  Keywords:  Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Czech Republic, Female, Health Literacy:statistics & numerical data, Humans, Information Seeking Behavior, Male, Qualitative Research,.   

OBJECTIVES:&nbsp;This study aimed to map the selected indicators of health literacy in the senior population via a qualitative survey that focused specifically on its relationship with autonomy in the context of health literacy among seniors.

METHODS:&nbsp;A qualitative survey focused on the selected indicators of health literacy of seniors living in the South Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic (R1-19). The snowball sampling method was intentionally selected. Completed interviews were transcribed and data was reduced, analyzed, and categorized. The identified categories were 1) information comprehension, 2) decision-making in healthcare, and 3) compliance with nonpharmacologic treatment.

RESULTS:&nbsp;The 'information comprehension' category clearly shows that the seniors involved in this study rated the comprehensibility of information provided by medical professionals as being good. An especially positive finding was that seniors do seek information through the internet, print sources, or other media, even though, as one senior (80-year-old woman) said, comprehension of medical information is becoming "more and more complex". The 'decision-making in healthcare' category touched upon opinions regarding informed consent and opinions regarding seniors' own involvement in healthcare. Results from this category suggest that seniors accept informed consent as a routine necessity. Inhibition regarding personal involvement in healthcare was also apparent: "... I come from a family accustomed to not bothering the doctor unnecessarily, so I just stick out my arm..." The last category of 'compliance with nonpharmacologic treatment' clearly shows that respondents are informed regarding lifestyle modifications that would benefit their treatment, although, few respondents had achieved the desired lifestyle changes.

CONCLUSION:&nbsp;Results of this qualitative research show clear health literacy limits among seniors. As shown in this study, age itself could also be a limiting factor of health literacy....

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Journal Article 2016; 37(suppl 2): 39-45 PubMed PMID: 28233959 Citation  Keywords:  Czech Republic, Hospitals:statistics & numerical data, Humans, Inpatients, Leadership, Nurse's Role, Nursing Staff, Hospital:statistics & numerical data, Qualitative Research, Risk Management:statistics & numerical data,.   

OBJECTIVES:&nbsp;The goal of this study was to assess specific features of risk management from the point of view of nurses in leadership positions in inpatient units in Czech hospitals.

METHODS:&nbsp;The study was performed using a quantitative research strategy, i.e., a questionnaire. The data sample was analyzed using SPSS v. 23.0. Pearson's chi-square and analysis of adjusted residues were used for identifying the existence associations of nominal and/or ordinal quantities. 315 nurses in leadership positions working in inpatient units of Czech hospitals were included in the sample. The sample was created using random selection by means of quotas.

RESULTS:&nbsp;Based on the study results, statistically significant relations between the respondents' education and the utilization of methods to identify risks were identified. Furthermore, statistically significant relationships were found between a nurse's functional role within the system and regular analysis and evaluation of risks and between the type of the healthcare facility and the degree of patient involvement in risk management.

CONCLUSION:&nbsp;The study found statistically significant correlations that can be used to increase the effectiveness of risk management in inpatient units of Czech hospitals. From this perspective, the fact that patient involvement in risk management was only reported by 37.8% of respondents seems to be the most notable problem....

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Journal Article 2016; 37(suppl 2): 18-24 PubMed PMID: 28233958 Citation  Keywords:  Accidental Falls:statistics & numerical data, Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Czech Republic, Female, Hospitals:statistics & numerical data, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Retrospective Studies,.   

INTRODUCTION:&nbsp;Hospitals strive, over the long term, to reduce the incidence of falls of hospitalized patients. Falls are monitored, analyzed, and regularly evaluated and corrective and preventive actions are established based on the findings. To establish preventive actions, it is essential to determine the circumstances under which the patient fell and in what type of health care facility.

OBJECTIVES:&nbsp;The goal of the study consisted in retrospectively analyzing falls in selected hospitals of the South Bohemian Region in 2014 and 2015.

METHODS:&nbsp;Our retrospective analysis of 1101 patient falls was reported by the health care staff from 4 hospitals of the South Bohemian Region. The data from the reported incidents (i.e., falls) from individual hospitals were encoded and entered in a database using the SASD statistical program and subsequently subjected to statistical analysis.

RESULTS:&nbsp;The highest frequency of falls was found on internal wards, 565 (51.3%) with the second highest frequency found on subsequent care wards, 267 (24.3%). The study showed that the risk of falls increases with patient age; more than 60% the hospitals, in the monitored period, involved patients over 70 years of age. Falls occurred most frequently in patient rooms and in bathrooms. Statistically significant relationships were identified between the type of ward and the time of the fall, between the type of the ward and the location of the fall, between patient age and the time of the fall, between patient age and the location of the fall, between the time of fall and the location of fall, and between the location of fall and the patient mobility before the fall.

CONCLUSION:&nbsp;Intensive monitoring of patient falls and the circumstances under which the falls occurred are needed to fully understand the epidemiology of hospital falls....

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Journal Article 2016; 37(suppl 2): 25-31 PubMed PMID: 28233957 Citation  Keywords:  Adolescent, Adult, Czech Republic, Female, Health Literacy:statistics & numerical data, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Patient Acceptance of Health Care:statistics & numerical data, Patient Participation:statistics & numerical data, Qualitative Research, Youn.   

<strong>:strong> In this study, the question of health literacy in adult patient population in the Czech Republic is explored in the context of healthcare, particularly in the South Bohemian Region. The study is based on the analysis of qualitative data which were collected during the first half of 2016. The study included 34 adult participants at the age range between 18 and 64 years. The study is focused on the involvement of adult patients in the process of decision making concerning the healthcare provided. The views of this sort of problems were recorded by the technique of semi-structured dialogues. The study results have suggested that adult individuals accept the healthcare provided by doctors or nurses prevailingly with trust. In addition, they have shown that in the sphere of health education, the adults lack the knowledge of the right for information about the individual's health condition and information about the service provided by the health insurance agency. It is regarded as desirable to deal with the topic of health literacy of adult population, particularly in the area of internet counselling and telemedicine, and to develop the space for information sharing between the doctor and nurse on one side and the patient on the other.

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