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Journal Article 2014; 35(Suppl 2): 81-85 PubMed PMID: 25638370 Citation  Keywords:  Aminobenzoates:pharmacology, Anesthetics:pharmacology, Animals, Clove Oil:pharmacology, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Etomidate:pharmacology, Perches, Temperature, Water,.   

OBJECTIVES: The objectives of the study were to compare the different doses of clove oil, Propiscin, and tricaine methane sulphonate (MS 222) in relation to water temperature in pikeperch aquaculture.

DESIGN: For assessment of this experiment 168 fish (10.77 ± 0.59 cm total body length and 7.88 ± 1.74 g body weight) were used. Three different anaesthetic treatments (Propiscin, clove oil and MS 222) were used. Three doses of each anaesthetic treatment (Propiscin: 0.5; 1; 1.5 ml x L(-1), clove oil: 15; 30; 60 mg x L(-1), MS 222: 50; 100; 150 mg x L(-1)) were compared at three different temperatures 9.5; 15.5 and 23 degrees C.

RESULTS: In comparison of these doses of anaesthetic in different temperature, the significantly shortest time to attain phase A7 (total complete anaesthesia) was observed for Propiscin (1.5 ml L(-1)) 0:31 ± 0:04 min (23 degrees C) to 0:33 ± 0:25 min (9.5 degrees C) compared to MS 222 (150 mg x L(-1)) 1:04 ± 0:21 min (23 degrees C) to 1:54 ± 0:32 min (9.5 degrees C) and clove oil (60 mg x L(-1)) 1:05 ± 0:17 min (23 degrees C) to 3:05 ± 0:31 min (9.5 degrees C). On the other hand, the longest time of anaesthesia recovery was attained using Propiscin (1.5 ml x L(-1)) 10:35 ± 1:40 min (23 degrees C) to 32:30 ± 1:10 min (9.5 degrees C) compared to clove oil (60 mg x L(-1)) 2:39 ± 0:50 min (23 degrees C) to 9:36 ± 2:34 min (60 mg x L(-1), 9.5 degrees C) and MS 222 (150 mg x L(-1)) 2:26 ± 1:27 min (23 degrees C) to 4:59 ± 0:39 min (9.5 degrees C).

CONCLUSIONS: The results from this study showed that the optimal and sufficient doses in all tested temperatures for pikeperch are 30 mg x L(-1) of clove oil, 100 mg x L(-1) of MS 222 and 0.5 ml x L(-1) of Propiscin.

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Journal Article 2012; 33(4): 401-405 PubMed PMID: 22936264 Citation  Keywords:  Adult, Anorexia Nervosa:blood, Case-Control Studies, Dehydroepiandrosterone:blood, Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate:blood, Female, Hot Temperature, Humans, Hydrocortisone:blood, Matched-Pair Analysis, Nociception:physiology, Pain Threshold:physiology, Refer.   

OBJECTIVES: Anorexia nervosa (AN) patients represent a natural model of relationship between changed hormonal level and pain perception due to lower level of sex hormones and consistently described increased pain threshold. As the adrenal stress steroid hormones (cortisol and DHEA) are known to be also changed in AN (and share a common precursor), our study was aimed to analyze the association between these hormones and pain perception in AN patients and control healthy women.

METHODS: The pain threshold latencies to radiant heat stimuli were measured in 20 DSM-IV diagnosed patients with AN and in 21 healthy women. Blood samples were collected in the morning hours and analyses of the plasma levels of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), its conjugated sulfate ester (DHEA-S) and cortisol were implemented.

RESULTS: Thermal pain threshold was higher in AN than in healthy women and correlated negatively with the level of DHEA and positively with cortisol/DHEA(S) ratio. No significant correlation between thermal pain and hormones was found in healthy women. If both groups were pooled together, the rest pain threshold correlated negatively with DHEA-S (r=-0.42, p=0.008).

CONCLUSION: We showed for the first time that sensitivity to thermal pain in women is dependent on DHEA-S and on cortisol/DHEA(S) ratio in patients with AN....

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Journal Article 2010; 31(2): 198-202 PubMed PMID: 20424589 Citation  Keywords:  Animals, Body Temperature, Fasting:adverse effects, Fibroblast Growth Factors:deficiency, Hypothalamus:metabolism, Hypothermia:etiology, Ketogenic Diet:methods, Liver:metabolism, Male, Mice, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Mice, Knockout, Motor Activity, Neuropeptide.   

BACKGROUND: Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a key metabolic regulator that is induced by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha) activation in response to fasting. We recently reported that bezafibrate, a pan-agonist of PPARs, decreases body temperature late at night through hypothalamic neuropeptide Y (NPY) activation and others have shown that mice overexpressing FGF21 are prone to torpor.

OBJECTIVES: We examined whether FGF21 is essential for fasting-induced hypothermia using FGF21 knockout (KO) mice.

RESULTS: Acute fasting decreased body temperature late at night accompanied by the induction of hepatic FGF21 and hypothalamic NPY expression in wild-type mice. A deficiency of FGF21 affected neither fasting-induced hypothermia nor hypothalamic NPY induction. Fasting enhanced locomotor activity in both genotypes. On the other hand, a deficiency of FGF21 significantly attenuated chronic hypothermia and hypoactivity induced by a ketogenic diet (KD).

CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that FGF21 is not essential for the hypothermia that is associated with the early stages of fasting, although it might be involved in the adaptive response of body temperature to chronic starvation....

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Journal Article 2009; 30(2): 237-244 PubMed PMID: 19675517 Citation  Keywords:  Analysis of Variance, Blood Pressure, Bulimia Nervosa:physiopathology, Cold Temperature, Dietary Sucrose:administration & dosage, Eating:physiology, Female, Heart Rate, Humans, Pain:physiopathology, Pain Threshold, Perception:physiology, Rest:physiology, .   

OBJECTIVES: To investigate if the increased pain threshold in women with bulimia nervosa (BN) may be due to chronic stress-induced analgesia.

METHODS: We measured thermal pain threshold latency, blood pressure and heart rate in 21 women with BN and 21 healthy women (HW) under six consecutive conditions: rest I, mental arithmetic task, rest II, eating sweet food, rest III, cold-pressor test.

RESULTS: Thermal pain threshold latency was longer in BN than in HW in all six conditions. It increased during mental arithmetic test and remained increased during the rest of the experiment in both groups. In the BN group, the increase of pain threshold during mental arithmetic was positively correlated with illness duration. The differential modulation of pain threshold by stress in BN and HW could not be explained by autonomic system reactivity. In HW, the pain threshold increased more during eating and blood pressure increased more during mental stress; in BN, the pain threshold was highest in the mental stress condition and blood pressure was most increased during eating. During the cold pressor test, women with BN showed smaller blood pressure increase and tolerated the cold for shorter time than HW.

CONCLUSION: The observed marked modulation of pain threshold by experimental stress suggests that stress-induced analgesia is unlikely to account for baseline pain insensitivity in BN. Increased pain threshold in BN is a stable yet incompletely understood phenomenon, which may be related to the predisposition to or maintenance of the disorder....

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Comparative Study 2008; 29(5): 680-684 PubMed PMID: 18987607 Citation  Keywords:  Anesthetics:toxicity, Animals, Clove Oil:toxicity, Ethylene Glycols:toxicity, Larva, Lethal Dose 50, Plant Oils:toxicity, Syzygium:toxicity, Temperature, Zebrafish:physiology,.   

OBJECTIVES: Anaesthetics are used in aquaculture to prevent stress and mechanical damage to fish during handling or the treatment of fish in breeding, blood sampling and other veterinary interventions. Clove oil and 2-phenoxyethanol are used in the Czech Republic in a water bath for the short-term immobilization of the fish.

DESIGN: Acute toxicity tests were performed on aquarium fish Danio rerio, which is considered to be one of the model organisms most commonly used in toxicity testing. The semi-static method according to OECD No. 203 (Fish acute toxicity test) was used for testing juvenile fish. Embryo toxicity tests were performed in zebrafish embryos (D. rerio) in compliance with the OECD No. 212 methodology (Fish, short-term toxicity test on embryo and sac-fry stages). The results obtained (the number of dead individuals at particular test concentrations) were subjected to a probit analysis using the EKO-TOX 5.2 programme in order to determine LC50 clove oil and 2-phenoxyethanol values. The statistical significance of the difference between LC50 values in juvenile and embryonic stages of D. rerio was tested using the Mann-Whitney non-parametric test implemented in the Unistat 5.1 programme.

RESULTS: The LC50 clove oil mean value was 18.8 +/- 5.52 mg.L-1 in juvenile D. rerio, and 15.64 +/- 3.30 mg.L-1 in embryonic stages of D. rerio. The LC50 2-phenoxyethanol mean value was 338.22 +/- 15.22 mg.L-1 in juvenile D. rerio, whereas in embryonic stages of D. rerio it was 486.35 +/- 25.53 mg.L-1.

CONCLUSIONS: The study proved statistically significantly higher (p<0.01) sensitivity in juvenile fish to 2-phenoxyethanol compared to the embryonic stages. Acute toxicity values of clove oil for juvenile and embryonic stages were comparable....

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Comparative Study 2006; 27(3): 369-372 PubMed PMID: 16816828 Citation  Keywords:  Adaptation, Physiological:drug effects, Analysis of Variance, Animals, Cholesterol:metabolism, Cold Temperature, Female, Hot Temperature, Kidney:metabolism, Lipid Metabolism:drug effects, Lipids:blood, Liver:metabolism, Male, Mice, Muscarinic Antagonists:.   

OBJECTIVES: The effect of scopolamine administration at dose 0,5 g/kg b.w. and high (+40 degrees C) and low (+4 degrees C) temperature on the level of triacyloglycerides, total lipids and cholesterol in the mouse liver, kidney and muscle of males and females.

METHODS: The homogenates of the liver, kidney and muscle were taken for examination. The concentrations of triacyloglycerides, total lipids and cholesterol was estimated according to the Bio-La-Tests (Poland).

RESULTS: The concentration of triacyloglycerides and total lipids in the liver, kidney and muscle increased of males and females after scopolamine injections and after exposure to high and low temperatures.

CONCLUSION: Scopolamine may effect an increase in the rate of the lipid metabolism....

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Journal Article 2005; 26(5): 503-510 PubMed PMID: 16264410 Citation  Keywords:  Aging:physiology, Animals, Chickens:metabolism, Darkness, Female, Light, Male, Melatonin:metabolism, Organ Culture Techniques, Perfusion, Pineal Gland:metabolism, Temperature,.   

: The melatonin rhythm of cultured chicken pineal cells can be synchronized by cyclic environmental effects. Unlike the effects of light on the melatonin secretion, those of the temperature changes are much less known. Similarly, only a few data are available on the interactions between environmental illumination and periodic temperature changes and on the sensitivity of the pineal gland to temperature changes in different ages of animals. We monitored the effects of temperature on chicken pineals for several days in vitro, in a perifusion system under different illumination patterns. The effects of temperature on pineals from chicken of different age were also compared. The phase of the melatonin rhythm was controlled by periodic elevations of temperature under both constant darkness and continuous illumination. These results show that rhythmic changes of temperature prevent desynchronization induced by constant light. Following elevation of the temperature, the melatonin rhythm of pineals of young chickens (less, than 14 weeks old) was altered for 16 - 18 hours. Similar changes in melatonin rhythm were not found in older animals. It is concluded that the sensitivity for temperature changes of the pineal cells is varying with age....

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Journal Article 2005; 26(5): 515-520 PubMed PMID: 16264408 Citation  Keywords:  Adrenal Medulla:physiopathology, Adrenocorticotropic Hormone:blood, Animals, Cold Temperature, Corticosterone:blood, Epinephrine:blood, Luminescence, Male, Norepinephrine:blood, Pituitary-Adrenal System:physiopathology, Rats, Rats, Wistar, Restraint, Phys.   

OBJECTIVE: The effects of three different long-term (21 days) stresses: isolation(LTI), forced swimming (LTS) and isolation accompanied by forced swimming (LTI+LTS) on the level of plasma noradrenaline (NA), adrenaline (A), corticosterone (CORT) and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), both under basal conditions and in response to short-term immobilization and cold as heterotypic additional stressors, were compared.

METHODS: Plasma NA and A were assayed by the radioenzymatic method. Plasma CORT was measured using RIA kits. Plasma ACTH was determined by chemiluminescent method.

RESULTS: LTI produced a significant elevation of basal plasma CORT and ACTH, while basal plasma NA and A concentrations remained unchanged. Combination of long-term isolation and forced swimming, produced a significant elevation of basal plasma ACTH content only, while LTS did not influence the basal level of this hormone. When LTI rats were exposed to immobilization and cold, a significant elevation of plasma NA and A level was recorded. In LTS and LTI+LTS groups of rats exposed to immobilization or cold, increased plasma NA and A levels were observed, but this increase was lower in comparison with that found in LTI rats. No difference in plasma CORT content between the three long-term stressed groups of animals was observed, while plasma ACTH level was significantly more elevated in LTS and LTI+LTS than in LTI rats.

CONCLUSION: Based on these results, it may be concluded that LTI as a psychosocial stress represents a stronger stressor than LTS. Also, daily short-term (15 min, 21 days) swimming stress seems to attenuate the effect of long-term isolation on the activity of sympatho-adrenomedullary system....

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