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Case Reports 2014; 35(Suppl 2): 211-213 PubMed PMID: 25638389 Citation  Keywords:  Choristoma:congenital, Glioma:congenital, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Male, Neuroglia:pathology, Nose Neoplasms:congenital,.   

<p>: Neuroglial heterotopia is a rare developmental abnormality. Most frequently the diagnosis is established at birth or in early childhood by a typical clinical presentation. Neuroglial heterotopia can be intracranial or extracranial. A typical example of extracranial heterotopia is nasal glioma, which can be isolated or can communicate directly with the intracranium. The most sensitive investigation for the confirmation of its site is magnetic resonance imaging. Histological investigation is crucial in establishing the diagnosis. The authors present the case of postnatally assessed nasal glioma. They emphasize the importance of detailed prenatal investigation as most important in preventing birth trauma and consequent complications.p>...

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Journal Article 2014; 35(Suppl 2): 201-210 PubMed PMID: 25638388 Citation  Keywords:  Asphyxia Neonatorum:diagnosis, Humans, Infant, Newborn,.   

<p>: The aim of this review is to present the summarisation of the knowledge about biochemical and clinical changes that occur under the influence of asphyxia as well as about the treatment. Results of experimental works in animal models bring us the explanation about many postasphyxiated changes and help us to understand the pathophysiological changes and consequences of asphyxia. The authors present the most prominent consequences of neonatal asphyxia in clinical and experimental conditions. Asphyxia significantly contributes to neonatal morbidity and mortality and determines the prognosis of future development. New insights into the pathophysiology of birth asphyxia provide the opportunity how to prevent permanent damage by the activation of the fundamental molecular processes. Care of newborn asphyxia requires teamwork. Prognosis of the asphyxiated newborn is still dependent on developmental stage (gestational age), the length and intensity of asphyxia, on the level of medical care.p>...

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Journal Article 2014; 35(Suppl 2): 197-200 PubMed PMID: 25638387 Citation  Keywords:  Antioxidants:pharmacology, Caesalpinia, Hyaluronic Acid:metabolism, Plant Extracts:pharmacology,.   

<p>OBJECTIVES: To assess protective effects of the tara (Caesalpinia spinosa) extract against hyaluronan (HA) degradation evoked by cupric ions and ascorbate.

METHODS: Uninhibited/inhibited HA degradation was assayed by a decrease in dynamic viscosity of the HA solutions, whereas as a method rotational viscometry was used. To determine radical scavenging capacity of the tara extract, the ABTS and DPPH assays were performed.

RESULTS: The results of rotational viscometry showed remarkable protective effects of the tara extract against the degradation of HA. In the ABTS and DPPH assays the IC50 values of the tara extract 1.59 and 30.8 μg/mL indicated quite high radical scavenging properties.

CONCLUSION: The tara extract is an efficient antioxidant as demonstrated by the methods used.p>...

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Journal Article 2014; 35(Suppl 2): 186-190 PubMed PMID: 25638386 Citation  Keywords:  Agrimonia, Antioxidants:pharmacology, Cynara, Hyaluronic Acid:metabolism, Ligustrum, Plant Preparations:pharmacology,.   

<p>OBJECTIVES: Hyaluronan (HA) molecules were exposed to free radical-mediated degradation performed by the reaction mixture Cu(II) and ascorbate, the so-called Weissberger biogenic oxidative system, which mimics the situation of acute inflammation. To achieve protection of HA from degradation, herbal extracts such as Agrimonia herba, Cynare folium, and Ligustri folium were selected.

METHODS: Time- and dose-dependent changes of dynamic viscosity of the HA solutions in the presence and absence of the herbal extracts were recorded by rotational viscometry (RV). Radical scavenging capacity of the extracts was investigated by the spectrocolorimetric ABTS and DPPH assays.

RESULTS: The results of RV revealed that the extracts of Agrimonia herba and Cynare folium were effective in inhibiting the degradation of HA. On the other hand, the extract of Ligustri folium increased the rate of HA degradation. The highest radical scavenging capacity of ABTS(*+) and DPPH(*) was observed in Agrimonia herba extract followed by the extracts of Ligustri folium and Cynare folium.p>...

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Journal Article 2014; 35(Suppl 2): 191-196 PubMed PMID: 25638385 Citation  Keywords:  Animals, Cholinesterase Reactivators:administration & dosage, Female, Oximes:administration & dosage, Pyridinium Compounds:administration & dosage, Sus scrofa:blood, Tissue Distribution,.   

<p>OBJECTIVES: Oxime HI-6 DMS (dimethanesulfonate) is an asymmetric bis-pyridinium aldoxime and essential acetylcholinesterase (AChE) reactivator. The high effectiveness is due to its wide spectrum of therapeutic activity against different structures of nerve agents. Aim of this study was to compare plasma time profiles and tissue distribution (to delimitation of potential toxicity risks) after its intramuscular (i.m.) and intragastric (i.g.) administration to experimental pigs.

METHODS: The study entered female Landrace pigs (Sus scrofa f. domestica), 4-5 months old animals, 29 ± 3.2 kg of body weight. Before the HI-6 DMS administration (i.m. injection or i.g. using a gastric tube), vena auricularis was cannulated (under general anaesthesia) for collection of blood samples. The tissue distribution study was carried out at expected t-max. Concentrations of HI-6 DMS in blood plasma and other tissue samples were detected by means of HPLC method.

RESULTS: Fast absorption after i.m. administration, relatively slow absorption and no even elimination after i.g. administration were found. Tissue distribution showed low accumulation in the liver, but a higher content in the kidneys and high concentrations in the brain and gastrointestinal wall.

CONCLUSIONS: Plasma time profiles after i.g. administration has a prolonged pharmacokinetics. Tissue distribution study showed potential side effects to the stomach due to a higher accumulation of HI-6 in this tissue after i.g. administration but not after a standard i.m. administration. Higher content of HI-6 in the kidneys after i.m. administration suggests the main way of the oxime elimination.p>...

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Journal Article 2014; 35(Suppl 2): 180-185 PubMed PMID: 25638384 Citation  Keywords:  Acetaminophen:administration & dosage, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Analgesics, Non-Narcotic:administration & dosage, Child, Child, Preschool, Czech Republic:epidemiology, Drug Overdose:epidemiology, Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Re.   

<p>OBJECTIVES: Paracetamol overdose belongs to frequent calls to Toxicological Information Centre (TIC) in the Czech Republic and to the National Toxicological Information Centre (NTIC) in Slovakia. The aim of the study was to evaluate outcomes and side effects of paracetamol overdose in both countries.

METHODS: Data concerning paracetamol poisoning extracted from TIC and NTIC databases 2000-2013 and discharge reports were analysed. Numbers and outcomes in patients presenting within 24 hours of a single paracetamol overdose were compared in relation to 3 paracetamol concentration bands (≤ 100 mg/l, 100-149 mg/l, and 150 mg/l).

RESULTS: 5397 inquiries concerning paracetamol were recorded in TIS and NTIC. Data from 196 discharge reports with plasma level were studied. Median age of the patients was 18 (0.2-86) years. Eight/196 (4.1%) patients developed side effects after N-acetylcysteine (NAC) administration. 120 cases fulfilled time criteria of the study and were divided into 3 groups, where 55.7%, 73.1% and 96.9% patients have been treated with NAC. Among these 120 patients, favourable outcome was seen in 100%, 100%, and 92.8%, respectively. One death due to suicidal attempt with plasma level 407 mg/l presenting at 20 hours has been recorded among 120 patients. No patient without NAC treatment died due to acute overdose and plasma concentration ≤ 150 mg/I at 4 hours.

CONCLUSIONS: These data support the opinion that NAC should not be used in patients with < 149 mg/l levels in absence of higher risk factors because of very low risk of hepatotoxicity on one side, and side effects on the other side.p>...

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Journal Article 2014; 35(Suppl 2): 175-179 PubMed PMID: 25638383 Citation  Keywords:  Animals, Antioxidants:pharmacology, Antipsychotic Agents:pharmacology, Cells, Cultured, Clozapine:pharmacology, Inflammation:drug therapy, Interleukin-6:metabolism, Macrophages:drug effects, Mice,.   

<p>OBJECTIVES: Clozapine is an atypical antipsychotic drug known for its impact on production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The aim of our work was to examine the impact of clozapine on the production of interleukin 6 (IL-6) by the LPS (lipopolysaccharide) stimulated macrophage cells and to confirm or exclude that it regulates the inflammation due to its interaction with alpha 7 nicotinic receptor (nAChR). Secondly, we focused on a verification of the antioxidant effect of clozapine.

METHODS: The levels of IL-6 in cell culture media were determined by ELISA method. Antioxidant properties of clozapine were estimated based on the reduction of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical.

RESULTS: The IL-6 level produced by cells treated clozapine decreased significantly from IL-6 level created by clozapine-untreated cells. However, the production of IL-6 in the cells treated with clozapine and simultaneously with selective alpha 7 nAChR antagonist methyllycaconitine did not alter significantly from the IL-6 production in the cells treated just with clozapine. The free radical scavenging activity of clozapine in concentration 1.00 mM was found equivalent to 0.13 mM of standard antioxidant N-acetyl-L-cystein.

CONCLUSION: Our study confirmed, that clozapine reduces production of IL-6 in LPS-activated macrophage cells nevertheless we denied that it would be mediated through alpha 7 nAChR. Moreover antioxidant potential of clozapine was observed.p>...

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Journal Article 2014; 35(Suppl 2): 169-174 PubMed PMID: 25638382 Citation  Keywords:  Depressive Disorder:complications, Female, Humans, Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System:growth & development, Neurotransmitter Uptake Inhibitors:adverse effects, Pituitary-Adrenal System:growth & development, Postpartum Period:psychology, Pregnancy, Pregnancy C.   

<p>: Depression during pregnancy and in the post partum period is a significant health issue in modern society. The estimated prevalence of depression in pregnancy ranges from 13-20%. The major dilemma for gynecologists is to treat or not to treat depression during gestation and lactation. Consequences of untreated depression can be so serious that the benefit of antidepressant therapy may overweigh the possible risk for injury of fetal/neonatal development. Currently, selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin and noradrenaline re-uptake inhibitors (SNRIs) are commonly used for treatment of maternal depression. The review article brings up-to-date knowledge on effects of maternal adversity (depression) and/or antidepressants on the development of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis of the offspring in relation to postnatal behavior and reactivity to stressful stimuli. Treated as well as untreated maternal depression presents a risk for the developing fetus and neonate. The authors stress the need to evaluate the relative safety of SNRIs/SNRIs by means of relevant experimental models to assess if these drugs can be assigned to treat pregnant and lactating depressive women.p>...

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