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Comparative Study 2007; 28(6): 875-880 PubMed PMID: 18063921 Citation  Keywords:  Adult, Analysis of Variance, Arachidonic Acid:administration & dosage, Cytokines:immunology, Depression:drug therapy, Docosahexaenoic Acids:administration & dosage, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Eicosapentaenoic Acid:administration & dosage, Female, H.   

BACKGROUND: We have shown that a depletion of omega3 polysaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) plays a role in the pathophysiology of depression, in part because omega3 PUFAs have anti-inflammatory effects. omega3 PUFAs are frequently employed to treat depression. Most if not all antidepressants have negative immunoregulatory effects by decreasing the production of proinflammatory cytokines, such as interferon-gamma (IFNgamma) and/or increasing that of anti-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin10 (IL-10).r />r /> AIM: The aim of the present study was to examine the immunoregulary effects of the omega3 PUFAs, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and the omega6 PUFA, arachidonic acid (AA), on the production of interferon-gamma (IFNgamma), interleukin-10 (IL-10) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha).r />r /> METHODS: This study examines the ex vivo effects of EPA (4.5 microM, 9 microM, 18 microM and 45 microM), DHA (1.3 microM, 3 microM, 6 microM and 13 microM) and AA (8 microM, 16 microM, 32 microM and 80 microM) on the LPS + PHA-stimulated production of IFNgamma, IL-10 and TNFalpha, and on the IFNgamma/IL-10 production ratio.r />r /> RESULTS: We found that EPA did not have any significant effects on the above cytokines. DHA significantly increased the IFNgamma/IL-10 production ratio, caused by a greater reduction in IL-10 than in IFNgamma. AA significantly decreased TNFalpha production.r />r /> DISCUSSION: The results show that DHA induces a Th-1-like immune response and that AA has anti-inflammatory effects by decreasing the production of TNFalpha. Thus, the immune effects of omega3 PUFAs are not compatible with what is expected from antidepressive substances. The results of the present study show that treatment with fish oils, containing DHA, should be avoided in the treatment of depression. Toward this end, highly concentrated and pure EPA seems to be indicated....

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Journal Article 2007; 28(Suppl 3): 40-41 PubMed PMID: 18030280 Citation  Keywords:  Anti-Infective Agents:classification, Communicable Diseases:classification, Cross-Sectional Studies, Diarrhea:drug therapy, Humans, Kenya:epidemiology, Population Surveillance, Poverty Areas, Prevalence, Prospective Studies, Respiratory Tract Diseases:dru.   

: We performed a prospective point prevalence study with a simple prospective protocol and analyzed spectrum of infections (ID) etiology and antimicrobial therapy in all cases coming for one month (June 2006). Respiratory tract infections represented 33% of all visits followed by diarrheal infections (197 cases) and sexually transmitted disease (86), skin and soft tissue infection (68), AIDS (40) and malaria (26) cases. Majority of isolates were St. aureus (only 3 MRSA), C. albicans and NAC (19), (only 2 Fluconazol resistant) and S. pneumoniae (8) (2 penicillin resistant)....

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Comparative Study 2007; 28(Suppl 3): 37-39 PubMed PMID: 18030279 Citation  Keywords:  Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome:drug therapy, Adult, Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active, Cambodia, Candida:drug effects, Child, Child, Preschool, Drug Resistance, Follow-Up Studies, Gram-Negative Bacteria:drug effects, Gram-Positive Bacteria:drug ef.   

: We investigated regularly swabs of adults dispenzarised at Mary Immaculate Clinic of Trnava University in Nairobi providing free health care for about 50 000 population of Mukuru Slums. 20 patients who were treated for AIDS by our clinic (those who started HAART before Free National AIDS Cooperation Programme - NASCOP) were assessed after 1, 2 and 3 years (18 of 20 completed the survey, other 2 loss of follow up, probably died. Exposure to other molecules can select resistant mutants. Previous exposure to TMP/SMX was similar in both groups and therefore was not responsible for the difference between resistance patterns....

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Comparative Study 2007; 28(Suppl 3): 35-36 PubMed PMID: 18030278 Citation  Keywords:  Altitude, Amodiaquine:therapeutic use, Antimalarials:therapeutic use, Artemisinins:therapeutic use, Drug Therapy, Combination, Endemic Diseases, Greenhouse Effect, Humans, Kenya:epidemiology, Malaria:diagnosis, Prognosis, Sesquiterpenes:therapeutic use, S.   

: Malaria should not be present in altitudes more than 1,800 m a.s.l. However due to global warming, highlands malaria (HM) occurs up to 2,000 m. The purpose of this study is comparison of clinical picture and prognosis of HM and compare it to malaria in endemic region of southern Sudan (endemic malaria - EM) among hyper-immune population....

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Journal Article 2007; 28(Suppl 3): 33-34 PubMed PMID: 18030277 Citation  Keywords:  Anti-Bacterial Agents:therapeutic use, Antifungal Agents:therapeutic use, Bacterial Infections:drug therapy, Community-Acquired Infections:drug therapy, Drug Resistance, Bacterial, Drug Resistance, Fungal, Humans,.   

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Journal Article 2007; 28(Suppl 3): 33-34 PubMed PMID: 18030276 Citation  Keywords:  Anti-Bacterial Agents:therapeutic use, Community-Acquired Infections:drug therapy, Diabetes Complications:drug therapy, Diabetes Mellitus, Humans, Meningitis, Bacterial:drug therapy, Outcome Assessment (Health Care), Oxacillin:therapeutic use, Staphylococ.   

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Journal Article 2007; 28(Suppl 3): 30-31 PubMed PMID: 18030275 Citation  Keywords:  Child, Child, Preschool, Community-Acquired Infections:epidemiology, Haemophilus influenzae type b, Humans, Immunization Programs, Infant, Meningitis, Haemophilus:epidemiology, Outcome Assessment (Health Care), Slovakia:epidemiology,.   

: Despite of 10 years vaccination of all children within 1st year in Slovakia against H. influenzae, this severe infection still occurs. Among 201 cases of community acquired bacterial meningitis, 14 (7%) were caused by H. influenzae serotype B. Outcome however, after early institution of treatment was fortunately positive - only 1 patient died (7.1% mortality) and in 2 other neurologic sequellae occurred (14.3%), which were transient and mild....

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Journal Article 2007; 28(Suppl 3): 28-29 PubMed PMID: 18030274 Citation  Keywords:  Anti-Bacterial Agents:therapeutic use, Cefotaxime:therapeutic use, Cohort Studies, Community-Acquired Infections:microbiology, Diabetes Complications:immunology, Diabetes Mellitus:immunology, Humans, Meningitis, Bacterial:etiology, Outcome Assessment (Hea.   

: Community acquired bacterial (CBM) meningitis in diabetic patients was analyzed for risk factors and outcome in a cohort of 201 cases of meningitis within last 17 years: 15 patients with diabetes mellitus and meningitis were identified and compared for etiology and mortality as well as for neurologic sequellae with all CBM cases....

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